Economy
How are USA 500 Stocks Selected?
While USA 500 may include only a small section of publicly traded firms, there is no doubt that it is one of the most important indices in the United States stock market.
Approximately 500 companies in the S&P 500 make over 80% of the stock’s total value on the market. Therefore, it is an important indicator of how the local market is performing.
If you target trading USA 500 stocks, one of the main questions that you might have in your mind is, “How are the companies selected to join the exclusive list?” Everything comes down to meeting a number of rules set by the committee of investors, and we are going to look at some of them:
Market Capitalization
USA 500 was created to represent the largest companies in the US. So, size is an important parameter. The notion of “size” in the stock market means the selected company’s stock value or the total value of its shares (market capitalization).
Take the example of Apple Inc., an American multinational technology firm headquartered in Cupertino, California. In 2018, Apple made history as the first US firm to reach one trillion dollars in market capitalization, but Amazon’s and Microsoft’s also crossed the one trillion-mark by the end of the first quarter of 2019. By the close of September 2020, Apple’s shares were trading at about $115.
Another example is Coca Cola. The company has over 4.3 billion shares, which were trading at $41.9 by early October, meaning that its total market capitalization is about $180.1 billion.
The minimum market capitalization can move up or down, but the current number is $8.1 billion. Of course, this figure was way lower about 10 years ago, and you can expect it to continue increasing in the future.
Profitability
When investors look for stocks, they put a lot of emphasis on profitability. This is why USA 500 and USA 30 indices give a lot of weight to the selected firm’s profitability.
To gauge the profitability of a company, there are two methods that are used; checking the profitability of the firm over the last one year (four quarters) and in the most recent quarter.
However, how profitability plays is very dynamic. In theory, if a company loses $200 million in the first three quarters of a year and then makes a profit of $700 million in the third quarter, it would still be considered profitable.
When considering profitability, companies that have just gone public are required to show their trading history for the past 12 months. This means that if you have just concluded an IPO, it is impossible to immediately hop into the USA 500 Index, even with a high market capitalization.
A Company’s Liquidity and Float should be Easy to Check
The goal of USA 500 is to correctly track the companies with large capitalization that you can invest in. In addition to large capitalization, firms that are only owned by a few individuals (closely held) or those with little trading volume (thinly traded) are disqualified. So, here is how this rule is applied.
To get your company into the S&P 500, your business is required to have more than 50% of its stocks being traded on the stock exchanges. This is a correct assertion because a company with 60% of the shares owned by the founder is more private than another firm where owners only hold 40%.
Besides a firm being publicly owned, it also needs to be liquid to join the S&P 500 index. To achieve this, the company is required to have a trading volume of more than 100% and to have traded no less than 250,000 shares in the previous six months. This implies that if a company has two billion shares, all of them must be traded every year.
Most of the top-rated companies in the US meet these requirements with ease, and it is the reason why they are always on the list or get their way back after falling off.
Companies that Get Free Pass into the USA 500
From the requirements that we have listed above, it is clear that they are pretty stringent, but there are some companies that get a free pass. These are the stocks that are part of other top-rated indices, such as the S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600. These stocks are exempted from the rules of float, profitability, and liquidity.
The argument for exempting these stocks is that if your company is already part of the exempted indices, it will have met most of the requirements for listing on S&P 500. Therefore, if you have a company and want to get your way into the S&P 500, one of the methods is joining the exempted indices.
Some Companies Cannot Get into the USA 500
Notably, S&P 500 only considers standard incorporations and REITs (real estate investment trusts), so other forms of companies falling outside the two categories are excluded. For example, companies with exotic structures, such as master limited partnerships (MLPs) and business development companies (BDCs) are excluded. Limited liability companies, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and closed-end funds (CEFs) are also excluded.
S&P Goes beyond the Rules!
Notably, meeting the basic rules to join S&P 500 is not enough to join the index! The index committee must also give the nod for your company to join as a way of filtering firms that might want to take advantage of the index.
The active involvement of the index committee makes S&P 500 more active compared to others. For instance, Russel 100 only requires a company to meet the rules without subjecting it to an active committee.
When the USA 500 index committee strategically adds or removes stocks, it helps to ensure that the index does not differ significantly from what is happening on the market.
To get a company to get listed on the index, therefore, it must be performing well and maintain an upward trend on the market to impress the committee.
In this post, we have looked at the stringent rules that companies need to meet to get listed on the USA 500 Index. So, if you are a new trader, USA 500 companies can be a good consideration.
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
In the first quarter of its financial year ended June 30, 2026, Airtel Africa Plc showed resilience in the midst of challenging operating environments, churning out strong operating performance with accelerating customer base growth across all segments.
It was observed that the total customer base in Q1 2027 increased by 11.6 per cent to 189 million, with data customers rising by 15.5 per cent to 87.3 million.
In addition, data usage per customer continued its upward trajectory, rising from 7.8 GB to 10.6 GB per month over the past year, translating into a 56.3 per cent increase in data traffic across the network, underpinning a 10.3 per cent growth in constant currency data ARPU. Smartphone penetration was the key enabler of this increased traffic as penetration increased to 51.0 per cent as digital adoption of our services continues.
A look at the financial performance indicated that revenue in reported currency grew by 31.0 per cent to $1.85 billion, reflecting constant currency growth of 21.1 per cent and macroeconomic tailwinds supporting currency appreciation.
All segments continued to see double-digit constant currency revenue growth, with mobile services revenue growing by 19.1 per cent, and mobile money growing by 25.8 per cent.
Across mobile services, voice continued to see strong constant currency growth of 11.2 per cent and data revenue grew by 27.2 per cent.
In East Africa and Francophone Africa, constant currency revenues grew by 17.8 per cent and 18.0 per cent, respectively, while Nigerian revenues grew by 29.8 per cent, fully reflecting the lapping effect of the tariff adjustments which were implemented in the fourth quarter of 2025.
Constant currency EBITDA went up by 24.4 per cent, with reported currency EBITDA of $928 million growing by 36.6 per cent. The Q1’27 EBITDA margin of 50.1 per cent, an increase of 206bps year-on-year, continues to reflect the success of the company’s ongoing cost optimisation programme, despite the recent energy cost inflation arising from geopolitical developments.
The post-tax profit improved to $198 million from $156 million in the prior period, with higher profit after tax in the current period driven by elevated operating profit partially offset by derivative and foreign exchange losses of $6 million in the current period compared to $22 million derivative and foreign exchange gains in the prior period.
Furthermore, Profit after tax was impacted by the recognition of an exceptional finance cost of $37 million following an in-principle settlement reached during the quarter in respect of a commercial dispute in one of the group’s subsidiaries.
Commenting on the results, the chief executive of Airtel Africa, Mr Sunil Taldar, said, “We have started this year with another pleasing performance. Our continued focus on the customer experience translated into accelerating customer base growth across all business segments.
“As we continue to digitise our business, we are streamlining customer journeys, increasing digital adoption and harnessing data and AI to improve service delivery and support a strong, sustainable growth profile.”
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
One of the nation’s top brewers, Guinness Nigeria Plc, is paying an interim dividend of N7 per share to its shareholders for the period ended June 30, 2026.
The funds should, on August 10, 2026, hit the bank accounts of investors whose names appear in the Register of Members as of the close of business on Wednesday, July 29, 2026, a regulatory note from the organisation disclosed.
The firm has informed shareholders who have yet to complete the e-dividend registration to download the Registrar’s E-Dividend Mandate Activation Form, which is also available on its website, so as not to be left out of the cash reward for the first half of this year.
In the first six months of 2026, Guinness Nigeria grew its net profit by 53.33 per cent to N25.3 billion from N16.5 billion in the same period of 2025, amid improved top line and better management of administrative, marketing and distribution costs.
The revenue for the period under consideration rose to N265.0 billion from N237.0 billion, boosted by domestic sales of its products, which accounted for N260.9 billion compared with N237.0 billion a year earlier. The balance was from its export sales. This showed that over 98 per cent of the company’s earnings are from sales in Nigeria.
In the first half of the year, Guinness Nigeria improved its gross profit to N97.5 billion from N89.4 billion in the same period of 2025, as its finance income, arising from financial assets and others, stood at N1.2 billion compared with N110.7 million in H1 of 2026.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The federal government has reaffirmed its commitment to mobilising domestic capital to finance Nigeria’s long-term development, saying stronger local investment will be critical to accelerating economic transformation and attracting private sector participation.
The Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Taiwo Oyedele, stated this while speaking at the 6th Annual General Assembly of the Association of Nigerian Development Finance Institutions (ANDFI) in Abuja on Thursday.
The Minister’s remarks were contained in a statement on Friday, July 24, by his Senior Special Assistant on Communications and Press Secretary, Mrs Maryann Duke.
Addressing the conference with the theme, Unlocking Domestic Capital for Development Financing, Mr Oyedele said Nigeria must harness its domestic financial resources and strengthen institutions that can channel capital into productive sectors of the economy.
He noted that despite increasingly difficult global financing conditions, the country possesses substantial domestic savings, institutional assets and private capital that can be leveraged to fund infrastructure, industrialisation, agriculture, housing, innovation and other critical sectors.
According to the minister, domestic capital should not be viewed as an alternative to foreign investment but as the foundation for attracting sustainable international investment.
“Our focus is to build an economy where confidence leads capital. By strengthening macroeconomic stability, deepening our financial markets and empowering development finance institutions to catalyse private investment, we are unlocking Nigeria’s enormous domestic potential to finance inclusive and sustainable growth,” Mr Oyedele said.
He said the federal government’s ongoing economic reforms under the Renewed Hope Agenda are beginning to deliver positive outcomes, including improved investor confidence, stronger external reserves, enhanced revenue generation and renewed international confidence in Nigeria’s economy.
The Minister identified five priority areas for unlocking domestic capital, including expanding investment opportunities for households, deepening institutional capital through pension and insurance assets, strengthening credit enhancement mechanisms, broadening local currency financing through the capital market, and building stronger development finance institutions capable of attracting larger volumes of private investment.
Mr Oyedele also called on development finance institutions to move beyond conventional lending by helping to structure bankable projects, reduce investment risks, support policy reforms and create financing ecosystems that encourage greater private sector participation.
He reaffirmed the Federal Government’s commitment to working with development finance institutions, financial regulators, investors and development partners to develop a financing framework that will support businesses, create jobs, accelerate industrialisation and promote inclusive economic growth across the country.
