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NIN/BVN for Tier-1 Accounts, Imperative to Combat Fraudulent Activities

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BVN NIN Tier-1 accounts

When the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in December 2023, mandated the linkage of Bank Verification Numbers (BVN) and National Identification Numbers (NIN) across all tiers of accounts in Nigeria, this brought a wave of panic amongst customers who had run their accounts without BVN or NIN.

The apex bank in a circular, signed by the Director of Payment System Management Department at the CBN, Mr Chibuzo Efobi and the Director of Financial Policy and Regulations Department, Mr Haruna Mustapha, to all commercial, merchant, non-interest and payment service banks, other financial institutions and mobile money operators, stated that all individual existing and new tier 1, 2 and 3 accounts/wallets must have BVN or NIN.

Mustapha noted that the mandate was part of the apex bank’s effort in promoting financial system stability which has led to its amendment of Section 1.5.3 of the Regulatory Framework for BVN Operations and Watch-List for the Nigerian Banking Industry (Guidelines).

The CBN’s circular also specified that existing unfunded individual Tier 1 accounts without BVN or NIN would be placed on “Post No Debit or Credit” immediately.

“For all existing Tier 1 accounts/wallets without BVN or NIN: Effective immediately, any unfunded account/wallet shall be placed on ‘Post No Debit or Credit’ until the new process is satisfied.

Effective March 1, 2024, all funded accounts or wallets shall be placed on ‘Post No Debit or Credit’ and no further transactions permitted. The BVN or NIN attached to and/or associated with all accounts/wallets must be electronically revalidated by January 31, 2024”, the circular read.

It further said that to ensure uniform and full compliance, the executive compliance officers, chief compliance officers or heads of the compliance functions are advised to acquaint themselves with the attached guidance notes which become applicable to all institutions regulated by the CBN.

Sources noted that the matter was being treated as a “national security issue”, adding that banks caught operating accounts without BVN or NIN after the expiration of the deadline “shall be severely dealt with”.

Investigations further reveal that Nigerians have begun to besiege commercial banks and the National Identity Management offices as a result of the directive.

A look into the legal framework underpinning the policy indicates that the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) Act 2007 established the NIMC and mandated the creation of a National Identity Database (NID) containing unique NINs assigned to Nigerian citizens and legal residents.

The Mandatory Use of the National Identification Number Regulation, 2017, further stipulates that NINs be used for various transactions, including employment, access to social intervention programs, and opening bank accounts whereas the CBN’s policy builds upon this existing legal framework, aiming to enhance financial security and inclusion by mandating the inclusion of identity documentation across all segments of the banking system.

However, industry records reveal that NIMC has registered just over 100 million Nigerians whilst the latest data from the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) as of October 9, 2023, revealed that there were 59 million (58,999,262) accounts with BVN. It is there expected that the regularisation of accounts without BVN or NIN can be achieved within the deadline given the progress that’s already been recorded on both fronts.

Looking deeper into this development, this policy provides a big boost in reducing identity theft, and fraudulent activities and prevents unauthorised access to an individual’s account.

Battle against money laundering

At the Financial Action Task Force plenary held late October in Paris, France, Nigeria failed to scale a review of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Risk conducted by the global financial intelligence agency.

The global agency faulted Nigeria’s anti-money laundering war, which had landed the country on the international grey list in February alongside South Africa, and 20 other countries.

Although the Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit said it had been working to meet the FATF recommendations on money laundering and terrorism financing, it did not scale the review carried out by the FATF at its last plenary.

Countries on the FATF grey list have been identified as having strategic deficiencies in their anti-money laundering, terrorist financing, and proliferation financing regimes. According to KPMG, the implications for the greylisting of two of the biggest economies in Africa may be far-reaching.

Concerning Nigeria, KPMG said that “FATF noted that although Nigeria had made some progress since the adoption of its Mutual Evaluation Report in August 2021 it is required to implement FATF’s action plans. This FATF greylisting adds another layer of risk and complexity to businesses that already perceive Nigeria as a high-risk country for anti-corruption and other financial crime risks. This may put businesses with connections to Nigeria under more regulatory scrutiny, as regulators may expect them to implement more stringent AML/CFT compliance measures to mitigate the risks associated with greylisting.”

Also, the greylisting may result in higher compliance costs and increased due diligence requirements for businesses, making transactions with Nigerian counterparties more difficult. A key component of the anti-money laundering requirement of FATF is Know Your Customer (KYC), which helps financial institutions verify the identity of new and existing customers.

Hence, this directive by the CBN is a tool to get Nigeria off the grey list and strengthen its battle against money laundering in Nigeria.

Enhancing financial inclusion and financial security

So far, Nigeria has brought more of its citizens into the financial system but remains far from its goal of getting 95 per cent of the population fully banked this year 2024. According to EFInA, a UK government-backed firm, the percentage of adult Nigerians with formal financial services- including bank accounts, insurance and mobile money- rose to 64 per cent in 2023 from 56 per cent recorded in 2020. But just about 52 per cent have a bank account and more comprehensive adoption is hampered by widespread poverty in the country. This directive offers a much broader sense of increasing the number of financially included people especially if it is very much strictly implemented. Once this is achieved, scammers who previously relied on stolen information to conduct fraudulent transactions will face a bigger challenge.

Boost economic growth and improve revenue generation

Apart from prevention and financial inclusion, this directive is expected to unlock new markets, drive entrepreneurship, and boost the creation of jobs. Similarly, with an accurate identification technique, tax evasion by individuals and companies becomes significantly harder. This can lead to increased government revenue and improved public services, benefiting all Nigerians.

Conclusion

The truth is that very few policies go through successful implementation in Nigeria, the onus is now on the CBN to revolutionize the country’s financial sector through financial security, empowering Nigerians, and stimulating economic growth through its latest directive. Although January 31, 2024, looks like a long period, the CBN & NIMC should do everything humanly possible to adeptly navigate potential pitfalls, unlocking the brighter future promised by this ambitious initiative.

Economy

Katsina Provides Additional N500m for Women-owned Businesses

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Katsina Civil Servant

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

The Katsina State government has offered additional N500 million to support women-owned businesses in the state as part of efforts to boost economic activities.

Governor Dikko Umaru Radda announced this at the Women of Influence and Investment Summit hosted by the Katsina Inner Wheel Development Initiative (KIWDI), in partnership with Access Bank Plc.

The event brought together women entrepreneurs, investors, policymakers, and development partners to advance women’s economic empowerment in the state.

The summit, themed Where Influence Meets Investment, focused on positioning women as key drivers of enterprise, leadership, and inclusive growth. It also highlighted the growing collaboration between Access Bank and the Katsina State Government on financial inclusion and SME development.

Mr Radda noted that investing in women was critical to building a productive and sustainable economy.

In her welcome address, the founder of KIWDI, Ms Amina Zayyana, said the summit was designed to connect women to opportunities, training, finance, and markets, stressing that when women-led businesses grow, families and communities benefit.

On her part, the Group Head of Women Banking at Access Bank, Mrs Nene Kunle-Ogunlusi, said the lender was proud to partner with Katsina State and KIWDI in advancing women’s economic participation.

“At Access Bank, we are committed to moving women from potential to prosperity. Through our Women Banking proposition and the ‘W’ Initiative, we provide access to finance, capacity building, and market linkages that help women start, stabilise, and scale their businesses,” she said.

She noted that the W Initiative, launched in 2014, is Access Bank’s flagship women- focused platform, designed to meet the real needs of women entrepreneurs and professionals across Nigeria and Africa.

“Our partnership with Katsina State goes beyond banking. It is about supporting economic empowerment, SME growth, and financial inclusion, especially for women,” she added.

Mrs Kunle-Ogunlusi noted that Access Bank was proud to participate not just as a financial institution, but as a long-term partner in women’s economic advancement across Nigeria and Africa.

“At Access Bank, we made a deliberate decision to change that, not with charity, but with strategy. Not with sympathy, but with solutions. The W Initiative, which was launched in 2014, is Access Bank’s flagship women-focused proposition, created to respond to the real needs of women,” she said.

The banker disclosed that through the W Initiative, the bank has disbursed over N314 billion in loans to women, supporting over 3.6 million female loan beneficiaries, and helping women-owned businesses start, stabilise, and scale up.

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Economy

2026 Budget: Reps Threaten Zero Allocation for SON, NAICOM, CAC, Others

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Reps Stoppage of Forex Sales

By Adedapo Adesanya

The House of Representatives Public Accounts Committee (PAC) has recommended zero allocation for the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON), the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM), and the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), among others, in the 2026 budget for allegedly failing to account for public funds appropriated to them.

The committee, at an investigative hearing, accused the affected ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) of shunning invitations to respond to audit queries contained in the Auditor-General for the Federation’s annual reports for 2020, 2021 and 2022.

The affected MDAs include the Federal Housing Authority (FHA), the Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, the National Business and Technical Examinations Board (NABTEB), and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet).

Others are Federal University of Gashua; Federal Polytechnic, Ede; Federal Polytechnic, Offa; Federal Medical Centre, Owerri; Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi; Federal Medical Centre, Bida; Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi; Federal Medical Centre, Katsina; Federal Government College, Kwali; Federal Government Boys’ College, Garki, Abuja; Federal Government College, Rubochi; Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Owerri; Council for the Regulation of Freight Forwarding in Nigeria; and the FCT Secondary Education Board.

The PAC chairman, Mr Bamidele Salam, while speaking on the decision of the committee to recommend a zero budget for the defaulting MDAs, stated that the National Assembly should not continue to appropriate public funds to institutions that disregard accountability mechanisms.

“Public funds are held in trust for the Nigerian people. Any agency that fails to account for previous allocations, refuses to submit audited accounts, or ignores legislative summons cannot, in good conscience, expect fresh budgetary provisions. Accountability is not optional; it is a constitutional obligation,” he said.

The panel maintained that its recommendation for a zero budget for the affected MDAs is aimed at restoring fiscal discipline and strengthening transparency across federal institutions and conforms with extant financial regulations and the oversight powers of the parliament.

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Economy

SEC, NOA to Sensitize Nigerians to Illegal Investment Schemes

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Investments and Securities Act 2025

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the National Orientation Agency (NOA) have partnered to enlighten Nigerians on illegal investment schemes in Nigeria.

The director-general of SEC, Mr Emomotimi Agama, stated this during a meeting with his NOA counterpart, Mr Lanre Issa-Onilu, in Abuja on Thursday, according to a statement from SEC.

Mr Agama said the capital market is an available tool for national development, but beyond all that, there is a tendency for people to do the wrong things that will lead to the impoverishment of Nigerians.

According to him, these are not supposed to be, but many people fall victim due to a lack of knowledge. He stated that these schemes are springing up daily, and those involved are defrauding Nigerians, as people are always gullible because of the need to survive.

“As a management, we decided to move out to enlighten people; we cannot assume that people know, we need to go out for mass communication, hence this collaboration. It is only by co-operation that we can achieve the purpose of our existence,” he stated.

The SEC DG solicited the co-operation of the NOA to reach Nigerians because of its capacity and vast network of mass media, in a bid to ensure that the message reaches every nook and cranny of the country.

“This collaboration is important because it will go a long way in ensuring that Nigerians are no longer victims of these fraudulent schemes. We appreciate that you value this country, and we value the work that you do,” he added.

On his part, Mr Issa-Onilu commended the SEC for the capital market’s achievements in recent times, adding that the commission has not been celebrated enough.

“We commend you and thank you on behalf of the country, but most Nigerians are not aware of the opportunities in the capital market. An ignorant society will fall victim to many things that are avoidable. It is our responsibility to enlighten people to make the right decisions.

“We request that you provide information on what you do to enable us to propagate them. Our primary assignment is to serve all government institutions as the communications arm. We do a lot of enlightenment in places like the religious houses, motor parks, town halls, among others.”

Mr Issa-Onilu said the NOA engages in civic education to create the right values that will help most Nigerians be better citizens, saying that “many Nigerians are deficient in good behaviour. Both the Ponzi scheme promoters and those who patronise them are suffering from the wrong attitude and values.

“We have to encourage people to have the right attitude so they do not fall victim to Ponzi schemes. We have created a lot of platforms to interact with Nigerians.”

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