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The Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Economy

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Nigeria Economy challenges

The Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Economy

The ongoing COVID-19 crisis is threatening to push Nigeria’s economy backwards, just a few years after the country successfully emerged from a damaging recession. The warning signs are flashing again as increased borrowing, a weakening currency and rising unemployment loom ominously.

As government and financial institutions struggle to remedy the situation, there is a growing demand for foreign exchange, forcing banks to ration outflow, while the hoped-for rally in oil prices has not materialised. Over-dependence on oil, policy inconsistency, insecurity and a persistent level of corruption have all had a dampening effect on the nation’s finances.

But Nigeria remains a nation with tremendous resources and potential, and there are reasons to be optimistic about the future, with a number of avenues to explore that could offer increasing prosperity and a way to guide the country to a firmer financial footing.

Promise of Agriculture

Agriculture remains a strength for Nigeria and it has the potential to help revive the economy. There are a number of plans in place, such as the Kano Agro Pastoral Project, that can help to galvanise this important part of the Nigerian economy. Nigeria is blessed with huge reserves of arable land and a significant farming population, offering a potential solution not just to economic downturn but also to the equally important issues of food poverty and food security.

There are promising signs that cooperation between agricultural specialists, state and national governments is starting to take effect, and by focusing on developing targeted crop value chains while improving the rural infrastructure, Nigeria’s farmers can be empowered to boost the economy.

Importance of Diversification

Nigeria has enormous human potential and economic ingenuity. The inventiveness of the Nigerian entrepreneur is on display across many sectors.

Take the thriving and growing mobile technology sector. Evidence suggests that mobile penetration increased from 36% to 50% between 2014 and 2017. That trend has continued with one estimate by Business Monitor International putting the likely number of mobile subscribers at 182 million by 2021, up from 153 million in 2017. Demand for mobile services has been driven both by technological advances and the dynamic marketing practices of Nigerian mobile companies.

This proliferation of mobile usage is also helping to drive the success of some of the top online casinos in Nigeria. The online casino sector, boosted by the ever-widening availability of mobile technology, is expanding rapidly, particularly among the increasingly affluent young Nigerian middle class.

Innovative local gaming companies are striking deals with major online casino content providers, as well as with international payment providers and digital support companies, enabling them to offer an ever more cutting-edge casino gaming experience.

The rise of the online casino and mobile sectors demonstrates Nigeria’s entrepreneurial potential. But fully unleashing that potential may first require tackling the country’s over-reliance on oil revenue. This has become a problem, but Nigeria has the opportunity to lead the way in designing the new green economy of the 2020s.

The government has already launched Africa’s first sovereign green bonds and has taken steps to extricate the country from oil dependency, starting with a cut in oil subsidies.

Money diverted from the oil industry can be directed into the renewables sector, while the Nigerian Ecological Fund has the potential to tackle some of the serious ecological problems facing the nation – a clean-up that can also boost the economy. The Ministry of Works, in conjunction with the wider government, can help to lead the way by bringing about green reforms in the Nigerian construction industry, while tackling the serious housing shortage in the country.

Rise of technology

Technology is another way in which Nigeria can help to steer its economic ship to safer waters. Although it can be difficult to focus on the future in times of economic difficulty, there is enormous untapped potential in Nigeria when it comes to technological change, not least among the country’s business sector. A strong push to adopt new methods, such as remote work, e-commerce and artificial intelligence, much of which has been given a boost by the pandemic, could reap dividends.

There is a huge potential demand for improved IT infrastructure, from collaboration tools that enable workers to operate effectively as a team while working at home, to teaching solutions that can enable teachers to deliver lessons remotely. And beyond that, the promises of cloud computing and smart homes offer Nigeria the opportunity to be bold and take the lead in African technology.

Retooled finance

Technology can also have a role to play in helping the Nigerian finance sector to contribute to the national economy. The pandemic has shown that more can be done in terms of automation and technical solutions to financing problems, while at the same time, the sector can do more to reach out to all sectors of society. The Nigerian finance industry is full of talent and the desire for innovation, and if unleashed, can play a major role in the nation’s recovery.

Like many other nations around the world, Nigeria has taken a hit due to COVID-19 and there are specific long-term problems that the country still needs to face. But the nation remains one of the most significant countries in the world and a powerhouse in Africa, and with sufficient guidance and investment, the potential of Nigerian farmers, business people, administrators, bankers and scientists can be harnessed to help build a more prosperous future.

Modupe Gbadeyanka is a fast-rising journalist with Business Post Nigeria. Her passion for journalism is amazing. She is willing to learn more with a view to becoming one of the best pen-pushers in Nigeria. Her role models are the duo of CNN's Richard Quest and Christiane Amanpour.

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Economy

UK Backs Nigeria With Two Flagship Economic Reform Programmes

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UK Nigeria

By Adedapo Adesanya

The United Kingdom via the British High Commission in Abuja has launched two flagship economic reform programmes – the Nigeria Economic Stability & Transformation (NEST) programme and the Nigeria Public Finance Facility (NPFF) -as part of efforts to support Nigeria’s economic reform and growth agenda.

Backed by a £12.4 million UK investment, NEST and NPFF sit at the centre of the UK-Nigeria mutual growth partnership and support Nigeria’s efforts to strengthen macroeconomic stability, improve fiscal resilience, and create a more competitive environment for investment and private-sector growth.

Speaking at the launch, Cynthia Rowe, Head of Development Cooperation at the British High Commission in Abuja, said, “These two programmes sit at the heart of our economic development cooperation with Nigeria. They reflect a shared commitment to strengthening the fundamentals that matter most for our stability, confidence, and long-term growth.”

The launch followed the inaugural meeting of the Joint UK-Nigeria Steering Committee, which endorsed the approach of both programmes and confirmed strong alignment between the UK and Nigeria on priority areas for delivery.

Representing the Government of Nigeria, Special Adviser to the President of Nigeria on Finance and the Economy, Mrs Sanyade Okoli, welcomed the collaboration, touting it as crucial to current, critical reforms.

“We welcome the United Kingdom’s support through these new programmes as a strong demonstration of our shared commitment to Nigeria’s economic stability and long-term prosperity. At a time when we are implementing critical reforms to strengthen fiscal resilience, improve macroeconomic stability, and unlock inclusive growth, this partnership will provide valuable technical support. Together, we are laying the foundation for a more resilient economy that delivers sustainable development and improved livelihoods for all Nigerians.”

On his part, Mr Jonny Baxter, British Deputy High Commissioner in Lagos, highlighted the significance of the programmes within the wider UK-Nigeria mutual growth partnership.

“NEST and NPFF are central to our shared approach to strengthening the foundations that underpin long-term economic prosperity. They sit firmly within the UK-Nigeria mutual growth partnership.”

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Economy

MTN Nigeria, SMEDAN to Boost SME Digital Growth

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MTN Nigeria SMEDAN

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

A strategic partnership aimed at accelerating the growth, digital capacity, and sustainability of Nigeria’s 40 million Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has been signed by MTN Nigeria and the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN).

The collaboration will feature joint initiatives focused on digital inclusion, financial access, capacity building, and providing verified information for MSMEs.

With millions of small businesses depending on accurate guidance and easy-to-access support, MTN and SMEDAN say their shared platform will address gaps in communication, misinformation, and access to opportunities.

At the formal signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Thursday, November 27, 2025, in Lagos, the stage was set for the immediate roll-out of tools, content, and resources that will support MSMEs nationwide.

The chief operating officer of MTN Nigeria, Mr Ayham Moussa, reiterated the company’s commitment to supporting Nigeria’s economic development, stating that MSMEs are the lifeline of Nigeria’s economy.

“SMEs are the backbone of the economy and the backbone of employment in Nigeria. We are delighted to power SMEDAN’s platform and provide tools that help MSMEs reach customers, obtain funding, and access wider markets. This collaboration serves both our business and social development objectives,” he stated.

Also, the Chief Enterprise Business Officer of MTN Nigeria, Ms Lynda Saint-Nwafor, described the MoU as a tool to “meet SMEs at the point of their needs,” noting that nano, micro, small, and medium businesses each require different resources to scale.

“Some SMEs need guidance, some need resources; others need opportunities or workforce support. This platform allows them to access whatever they need. We are committed to identifying opportunities across financial inclusion, digital inclusion, and capacity building that help SMEs to scale,” she noted.

Also commenting, the Director General of SMEDAN, Mr Charles Odii, emphasised the significance of the collaboration, noting that the agency cannot meet its mandate without leveraging technology and private-sector expertise.

“We have approximately 40 million MSMEs in Nigeria, and only about 400 SMEDAN staff. We cannot fulfil our mandate without technology, data, and strong partners.

“MTN already has the infrastructure and tools to support MSMEs from payments to identity, hosting, learning, and more. With this partnership, we are confident we can achieve in a short time what would have taken years,” he disclosed.

Mr Odii highlighted that the SMEDAN-MTN collaboration would support businesses across their growth needs, guided by their four-point GROW model – Guidance, Resources, Opportunities, and Workforce Development.

He added that SMEDAN has already created over 100,000 jobs within its two-year administration and expects the partnership to significantly boost job creation, business expansion, and nationwide enterprise modernisation.

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Economy

NGX Seeks Suspension of New Capital Gains Tax

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capital gains tax

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited is seeking review of the controversial Capital Gains Tax increase, fearing it will chase away foreign investors from the country’s capital market.

Nigeria’s new tax regime, which takes effect from January 1, 2026, represents one of the most significant changes to Nigeria’s tax system in recent years.

Under the new rules, the flat 10 per cent Capital Gains Tax rate has been replaced by progressive income tax rates ranging from zero to 30 per cent, depending on an investor’s overall income or profit level while large corporate investors will see the top rate reduced to 25 per cent as part of a wider corporate tax reform.

The chief executive of NGX, Mr Jude Chiemeka, said in a Bloomberg interview in Kigali, Rwanda that there should be a “removal of the capital gains tax completely, or perhaps deferring it for five years.”

According to him, Nigeria, having a higher Capital Gains Tax, will make investors redirect asset allocation to frontier markets and “countries that have less tax.”

“From a capital flow perspective, we should be concerned because all these international portfolio managers that invest across frontier markets will certainly go to where the cost of investing is not so burdensome,” the CEO said, as per Bloomberg. “That is really the angle one will look at it from.”

Meanwhile, the policy has been defended by the chairman of the Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee, Mr Taiwo Oyedele, who noted that the new tax will make investing in the capital market more attractive by reducing risks, promoting fairness, and simplifying compliance.

He noted that the framework allows investors to deduct legitimate costs such as brokerage fees, regulatory charges, realised capital losses, margin interest, and foreign exchange losses directly tied to investments, thereby ensuring that they are not taxed when operating at a loss.

Mr Oyedele  also said the reforms introduced a more inclusive approach to taxation by exempting several categories of investors and transactions.

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