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The Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Economy

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Nigeria Economy challenges

The Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Economy

The ongoing COVID-19 crisis is threatening to push Nigeria’s economy backwards, just a few years after the country successfully emerged from a damaging recession. The warning signs are flashing again as increased borrowing, a weakening currency and rising unemployment loom ominously.

As government and financial institutions struggle to remedy the situation, there is a growing demand for foreign exchange, forcing banks to ration outflow, while the hoped-for rally in oil prices has not materialised. Over-dependence on oil, policy inconsistency, insecurity and a persistent level of corruption have all had a dampening effect on the nation’s finances.

But Nigeria remains a nation with tremendous resources and potential, and there are reasons to be optimistic about the future, with a number of avenues to explore that could offer increasing prosperity and a way to guide the country to a firmer financial footing.

Promise of Agriculture

Agriculture remains a strength for Nigeria and it has the potential to help revive the economy. There are a number of plans in place, such as the Kano Agro Pastoral Project, that can help to galvanise this important part of the Nigerian economy. Nigeria is blessed with huge reserves of arable land and a significant farming population, offering a potential solution not just to economic downturn but also to the equally important issues of food poverty and food security.

There are promising signs that cooperation between agricultural specialists, state and national governments is starting to take effect, and by focusing on developing targeted crop value chains while improving the rural infrastructure, Nigeria’s farmers can be empowered to boost the economy.

Importance of Diversification

Nigeria has enormous human potential and economic ingenuity. The inventiveness of the Nigerian entrepreneur is on display across many sectors.

Take the thriving and growing mobile technology sector. Evidence suggests that mobile penetration increased from 36% to 50% between 2014 and 2017. That trend has continued with one estimate by Business Monitor International putting the likely number of mobile subscribers at 182 million by 2021, up from 153 million in 2017. Demand for mobile services has been driven both by technological advances and the dynamic marketing practices of Nigerian mobile companies.

This proliferation of mobile usage is also helping to drive the success of some of the top online casinos in Nigeria. The online casino sector, boosted by the ever-widening availability of mobile technology, is expanding rapidly, particularly among the increasingly affluent young Nigerian middle class.

Innovative local gaming companies are striking deals with major online casino content providers, as well as with international payment providers and digital support companies, enabling them to offer an ever more cutting-edge casino gaming experience.

The rise of the online casino and mobile sectors demonstrates Nigeria’s entrepreneurial potential. But fully unleashing that potential may first require tackling the country’s over-reliance on oil revenue. This has become a problem, but Nigeria has the opportunity to lead the way in designing the new green economy of the 2020s.

The government has already launched Africa’s first sovereign green bonds and has taken steps to extricate the country from oil dependency, starting with a cut in oil subsidies.

Money diverted from the oil industry can be directed into the renewables sector, while the Nigerian Ecological Fund has the potential to tackle some of the serious ecological problems facing the nation – a clean-up that can also boost the economy. The Ministry of Works, in conjunction with the wider government, can help to lead the way by bringing about green reforms in the Nigerian construction industry, while tackling the serious housing shortage in the country.

Rise of technology

Technology is another way in which Nigeria can help to steer its economic ship to safer waters. Although it can be difficult to focus on the future in times of economic difficulty, there is enormous untapped potential in Nigeria when it comes to technological change, not least among the country’s business sector. A strong push to adopt new methods, such as remote work, e-commerce and artificial intelligence, much of which has been given a boost by the pandemic, could reap dividends.

There is a huge potential demand for improved IT infrastructure, from collaboration tools that enable workers to operate effectively as a team while working at home, to teaching solutions that can enable teachers to deliver lessons remotely. And beyond that, the promises of cloud computing and smart homes offer Nigeria the opportunity to be bold and take the lead in African technology.

Retooled finance

Technology can also have a role to play in helping the Nigerian finance sector to contribute to the national economy. The pandemic has shown that more can be done in terms of automation and technical solutions to financing problems, while at the same time, the sector can do more to reach out to all sectors of society. The Nigerian finance industry is full of talent and the desire for innovation, and if unleashed, can play a major role in the nation’s recovery.

Like many other nations around the world, Nigeria has taken a hit due to COVID-19 and there are specific long-term problems that the country still needs to face. But the nation remains one of the most significant countries in the world and a powerhouse in Africa, and with sufficient guidance and investment, the potential of Nigerian farmers, business people, administrators, bankers and scientists can be harnessed to help build a more prosperous future.

Modupe Gbadeyanka is a fast-rising journalist with Business Post Nigeria. Her passion for journalism is amazing. She is willing to learn more with a view to becoming one of the best pen-pushers in Nigeria. Her role models are the duo of CNN's Richard Quest and Christiane Amanpour.

Economy

MTN Nigeria 2025 Tax Remittance to FG, States Rises 15% to N878.7bn

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MTN Nigeria commercial paper sales

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

About N878.7 billion was remitted to federal and state authorities in taxes, levies and duties by MTN Nigeria Communications Plc in the 2025 financial year.

According to details of the company’s 2025 Sustainability Report, this amount was 15 per higher than the previous year, helping the country achieve its target of expanding non-oil revenue and improving tax collection under its fiscal reform agenda, corporate tax contributions from major private-sector operators.

In 2023, MTN Nigeria paid N543.9 billion in taxes and levies, and a year later, it moved higher by about 62 per cent to N764 billion.

The N878.7 billion remitted to the government in 2025 covered corporation tax, value-added tax, spectrum fees, import duties, NCC levies and contributions under the Rural and Urban Terrestrial Infrastructure (RUTI) tax credit scheme, an initiative with deep roots in MTN Nigeria’s public-private partnership playbook.

The company has long embraced such mechanisms: it participated in the Road Infrastructure Tax Credit Scheme, under which it committed N202.8 billion towards reconstructing the 110-kilometre Enugu-Onitsha Expressway.

In 2025, the RUTI scheme reached 50% completion after securing approval for an additional N23 billion tax credit aimed at expanding fibre and telecoms infrastructure in underserved communities, a model the company argues supports infrastructure development without requiring direct public expenditure.

The report also highlighted the firm’s growing domestic economic footprint, with 62 per cent of procurement spending directed to Nigerian suppliers in 2025. This was up from 59.6 per cent a year earlier.

MTN Nigeria said the policy aligns with the federal government’s local-content objectives and supports sectors including civil construction, logistics, software services and power infrastructure.

The organisation’s operational footprint expanded to 2,087 active base stations nationwide, while active mobile subscribers stood at 85.4 million by the third quarter of 2025. Active data users rose to 51.1 million, supported by smartphone penetration of 65.1 per cent.

During the year, MTN Nigeria renewed its 800MHz spectrum licence for another 10 years, to December 2034, and secured regulatory approval to lease additional spectrum from T2 Mobile, formerly 9Mobile, across 17 states and the Federal Capital Territory.

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Economy

NNPC Weighs Giving Chinese Investors 51% Stake in Port Harcourt, Warri Refineries

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NNPC Port Harcourt refinery petrol

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited is considering a new partnership model that could give Chinese investors a majority 51 per cent stake in the Port Harcourt and Warri refineries as part of efforts to revive and commercially reposition the struggling national assets.

Details of the proposed arrangement emerged after NNPC signed a Memorandum of Understanding with China’s Sanjiang Chemical Company Limited and Xinganchen (Fuzhou) Industrial Park Operation and Management Co. Ltd. for what the national oil company described as a “potential technical equity partnership”.

The agreement, signed on April 30 in Jiaxing City, China, involved NNPC’s chief executive, Mr Bayo Ojulari, Sanjiang Chemical Chairman, Mr Guan Jianzhong, and Xinganchen Chairman, Mr Bill Bi.

According to reports, the framework is modelled after the Nigeria LNG structure, where investors hold majority equity, participate in governance and remain actively involved in operations over the long term.

Under the proposed arrangement, the Chinese firms are expected to help complete outstanding engineering and rehabilitation work at the Port Harcourt and Warri facilities while also providing operations and maintenance services aimed at delivering sustainable, world-class refinery performance.

Beyond restarting the plants, the partnership is expected to target capacity expansion, improved refining yields, cleaner fuel production and stronger profitability.

The agreement also opens the door to broader industrial ambitions, including petrochemical integration and gas-based industrial projects built around the refinery corridors.

Recall that Mr Ojulari, at the signing ceremony in April, described the deal as a major breakthrough following more than six months of negotiations.

“All parties recognise mutually beneficial opportunities for the development and long-term sustainable profitability of NNPC’s refining assets in Nigeria and the collective weight required for success,” he said.

He added that the MoU marked an important step towards identifying technical equity partners capable of restarting and expanding Nigeria’s state-owned refineries.

“The MoU is a significant step on the journey towards identifying potential technical equity partner(s) to restart and expand NNPC’s refineries and to explore opportunities in co-located petrochemical and gas-based industries,” Mr Ojulari stated.

Reports indicate that the arrangement remains non-binding and subject to technical, financial, legal and regulatory reviews before any final commercial agreements can be executed. Due diligence will cover engineering performance, operational viability, financial structure, commercial feasibility and legal compliance.

The Port Harcourt refinery rehabilitation contract had earlier been awarded to Italian engineering giant Maire Tecnimont, while separate repair efforts were also launched at the Warri refinery.

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Economy

Eterna Fully Paid-up Shares Rise to Almost 2.2 billion

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eterna

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

The total issued and fully paid-up shares of Eterna Plc are almost 2.2 billion after the listing of additional shares of the company on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited this week.

Precisely on Wednesday, an additional 882,064,158 ordinary shares of the organisation were listed on Customs Street, a regulatory notice confirmed.

These extra stocks were from the rights issue of the firm, issued to shareholders at N22.00 per unit on the basis of three new ordinary stocks for every existing four ordinary stocks held as at the close of business on Thursday, November 27, 2025.

Eterna wanted to sell a total of 978,108,485 units, but investors only picked 882,064,158, indicating a subscription rate of 90.18 per cent.

At midweek, the new equities were brought to the stock exchange for listing, increasing the total issued and fully paid-up shares of the company from 1,304,144,647 units to 2,186,208,805 units.

“Trading licence holders are hereby notified that an additional 882,064,158 ordinary shares of 50 Kobo each of Eterna Plc were on Wednesday, May 20, 2026, listed on the daily official list of NGX.

“The additional shares arose from the company’s rights issue of 978,108,485 ordinary shares of 50 Kobo each at N22.00 per share on the basis of three new ordinary shares for every existing four ordinary shares held as at the close of business on Thursday, November 27, 2025.

“With the listing of the additional 882,064,158 ordinary shares, the total issued and fully paid-up shares of Eterna Plc have now increased from 1,304,144,647 to 2,186,208,805 ordinary shares of 50 Kobo each,” the notice signed by the Head of Issuer Regulation Department at NGX RegCo Limited, Mr Godstime Iwenekhai, stated.

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