Economy
The Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Economy
The Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Economy
The ongoing COVID-19 crisis is threatening to push Nigeria’s economy backwards, just a few years after the country successfully emerged from a damaging recession. The warning signs are flashing again as increased borrowing, a weakening currency and rising unemployment loom ominously.
As government and financial institutions struggle to remedy the situation, there is a growing demand for foreign exchange, forcing banks to ration outflow, while the hoped-for rally in oil prices has not materialised. Over-dependence on oil, policy inconsistency, insecurity and a persistent level of corruption have all had a dampening effect on the nation’s finances.
But Nigeria remains a nation with tremendous resources and potential, and there are reasons to be optimistic about the future, with a number of avenues to explore that could offer increasing prosperity and a way to guide the country to a firmer financial footing.
Promise of Agriculture
Agriculture remains a strength for Nigeria and it has the potential to help revive the economy. There are a number of plans in place, such as the Kano Agro Pastoral Project, that can help to galvanise this important part of the Nigerian economy. Nigeria is blessed with huge reserves of arable land and a significant farming population, offering a potential solution not just to economic downturn but also to the equally important issues of food poverty and food security.
There are promising signs that cooperation between agricultural specialists, state and national governments is starting to take effect, and by focusing on developing targeted crop value chains while improving the rural infrastructure, Nigeria’s farmers can be empowered to boost the economy.
Importance of Diversification
Nigeria has enormous human potential and economic ingenuity. The inventiveness of the Nigerian entrepreneur is on display across many sectors.
Take the thriving and growing mobile technology sector. Evidence suggests that mobile penetration increased from 36% to 50% between 2014 and 2017. That trend has continued with one estimate by Business Monitor International putting the likely number of mobile subscribers at 182 million by 2021, up from 153 million in 2017. Demand for mobile services has been driven both by technological advances and the dynamic marketing practices of Nigerian mobile companies.
This proliferation of mobile usage is also helping to drive the success of some of the top online casinos in Nigeria. The online casino sector, boosted by the ever-widening availability of mobile technology, is expanding rapidly, particularly among the increasingly affluent young Nigerian middle class.
Innovative local gaming companies are striking deals with major online casino content providers, as well as with international payment providers and digital support companies, enabling them to offer an ever more cutting-edge casino gaming experience.
The rise of the online casino and mobile sectors demonstrates Nigeria’s entrepreneurial potential. But fully unleashing that potential may first require tackling the country’s over-reliance on oil revenue. This has become a problem, but Nigeria has the opportunity to lead the way in designing the new green economy of the 2020s.
The government has already launched Africa’s first sovereign green bonds and has taken steps to extricate the country from oil dependency, starting with a cut in oil subsidies.
Money diverted from the oil industry can be directed into the renewables sector, while the Nigerian Ecological Fund has the potential to tackle some of the serious ecological problems facing the nation – a clean-up that can also boost the economy. The Ministry of Works, in conjunction with the wider government, can help to lead the way by bringing about green reforms in the Nigerian construction industry, while tackling the serious housing shortage in the country.
Rise of technology
Technology is another way in which Nigeria can help to steer its economic ship to safer waters. Although it can be difficult to focus on the future in times of economic difficulty, there is enormous untapped potential in Nigeria when it comes to technological change, not least among the country’s business sector. A strong push to adopt new methods, such as remote work, e-commerce and artificial intelligence, much of which has been given a boost by the pandemic, could reap dividends.
There is a huge potential demand for improved IT infrastructure, from collaboration tools that enable workers to operate effectively as a team while working at home, to teaching solutions that can enable teachers to deliver lessons remotely. And beyond that, the promises of cloud computing and smart homes offer Nigeria the opportunity to be bold and take the lead in African technology.
Retooled finance
Technology can also have a role to play in helping the Nigerian finance sector to contribute to the national economy. The pandemic has shown that more can be done in terms of automation and technical solutions to financing problems, while at the same time, the sector can do more to reach out to all sectors of society. The Nigerian finance industry is full of talent and the desire for innovation, and if unleashed, can play a major role in the nation’s recovery.
Like many other nations around the world, Nigeria has taken a hit due to COVID-19 and there are specific long-term problems that the country still needs to face. But the nation remains one of the most significant countries in the world and a powerhouse in Africa, and with sufficient guidance and investment, the potential of Nigerian farmers, business people, administrators, bankers and scientists can be harnessed to help build a more prosperous future.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira, in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX) on Thursday, April 3, further appreciated against the United States Dollar by N4.52 or 0.33 per cent to N1,374.94/$1 from N1,379.46/$1.
Equally, the domestic currency gained against the Pound Sterling in the official market by N3.34 during the session to close at N1,858.24/£1 compared to the previous rate of N1,861.58/£1, and against the Euro, it improved by N5.29 to sell at N1,607.58/€1 versus N1,612.87/€1.
At the GTBank FX counter, the Nigerian Naira gained N4 against the Dollar to settle at N1,384/$1 versus Wednesday’s closing price of N1,389/$1, and at the parallel market, it improved by N5 to trade at N1,385/$1 compared with the N1,390/$1 it was transacted a day earlier.
Nigeria’s external reserves, which provide the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) with a buffer to support the Naira, continued their downward trend, declining to $48.36 billion as of April 29, 2026, according to data.
Market activity weakened sharply, with the NAFEM recording zero deals on Thursday, down from 393 deals on Wednesday. Total turnover in the official window also dropped from $802.44 million to zero, underscoring a severe liquidity squeeze.
Thursday’s price formation was driven entirely by the interbank segment, where turnover also fell significantly to $58.03 million from $249.91 million, suggesting that liquidity pressures extended across the broader FX market.
As for the cryptocurrency market, prices were up amid looming US inflation data, while high oil prices and rising bond yields weigh on risk assets.
The appreciation faces headwinds in the form of US March PCE inflation, which lands as oil prices keep pressure on risk assets, as well as reduced traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, which has kept energy markets fragile.
Dogecoin (DOGE) rose by 1.8 per cent to trade at $0.1082, Bitcoin (BTC) appreciated to $76,987.59, Ethereum (ETH) grew by 1.2 per cent to $2,276.11, Cardano (ADA) added 1.1 per cent to close at $0.2484, and Solana (SOL) soared by 1.1 per cent to $83.89.
Further, TRON (TRX) increased by 0.7 per cent to $0.3224, Ripple (XRP) jumped 0.4 per cent to $1.37, and Binance Coin (BNB) expanded by 0.2 per cent to $616.67, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) closed flat at $1.00 each.
By Dipo Olowookere
A further 2.14 per cent leap was recorded by the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited on Thursday, the last trading session of April 2026.
This was supported by strong buying pressure despite selling pressure in the consumer goods and insurance sectors, which lost 0.14 per cent and 0.07 per cent, respectively.
It was observed that the energy index went up by 4.78 per cent, the industrial goods space appreciated by 4.13 per cent, and the banking segment rose by 0.52 per cent.
As a result, the All-Share Index (ASI) gained 5,072.22 points to settle at 242,277.81 points versus the 237,205.59 points on Wednesday, and the market capitalisation jumped N3.266 trillion to N155.994 trillion from N152.728 trillion.
FTN Cocoa, BUA Cement, CAP, UAC Nigeria, and Zichis soared by 10.00 per cent each to quote at N5.50, N418.00, N145.20, N181.50, and N21.78, respectively.
On the flip side, Aluminium Extrusion lost 9.95 per cent to trade at N9.50, Royal Exchange declined by 9.93 per cent to N1.36, Legend Internet slipped by 9.32 per cent to N5.35, Austin Laz dropped 9.12 per cent to N3.39, and Neimeth went down by 7.26 per cent to N8.30.
Business Post reports that there were 46 price gainers and 41 price losers on Customs Street during the session, implying a positive market breadth index and strong investor sentiment.
A total of 1.9 billion shares valued at N104.3 billion were traded in 92,353 deals yesterday compared with the 1.3 billion shares worth N69.1 billion transacted in 83,445 deals at midweek, indicating a surge in the trading volume, value, and number of deals by 46.15 per cent, 50.94 per cent, and 10.68 per cent, respectively.
At the close of business, Access Holdings led the activity chart with 935.0 million units sold for N24.3 billion, Lasaco Assurance traded 90.2 million units valued at N175.2 million, UBA exchanged 89.0 million units worth N3.9 billion, Wema Bank transacted 68.4 million units worth N2.4 billion, and GTCO sold 54.7 million units valued at N7.4 billion.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Crude oil fell below $115 after hitting a four-year high of more than $126 a barrel earlier on Thursday on concerns the US-Iran war could disrupt the wider global economy.
Data showed that Brent crude futures lost $4.02 or 3.41 per cent to trade at $114.01 per barrel, and the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures gave up $1.81 or 1.69 per cent to trade at $105.07 per barrel.
According to market analysts, the drop in prices from intraday highs did not have an obvious catalyst and did not look related to a specific development, but reflected the heightened volatility in the market since the Iran war started.
Others noted the retreat in US Dollar strength on Thursday also put downward pressure on oil.
Japan’s Yen surged 3 per cent, the most in a day in over three years, on Thursday, following stark warnings from Japanese officials that intervention to prop up the currency, as well as action in other markets, including energy, could be imminent.
The jump in the Japanese currency puts the US currency down, on track for its biggest one-day drop against the Yen since last August.
US President Donald Trump is slated to receive a briefing on plans for a series of fresh military strikes on Iran to compel it to negotiate an end to the conflict.
Iran said it would respond with “long and painful strikes” on US positions if the US renewed attacks, and also reasserted its control over the Strait of Hormuz.
This complicates US plans for a coalition to reopen the waterway, which accounts for about 20 per cent of crude and Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) flows.
Since the US-Israeli attack on Iran began on February 28, the price of Brent and WTI has risen by around 90 per cent due to the effective closure of the strait.
The oil price gains risk a renewed spike in global inflation and higher pump prices across the world. Oil, gas, and their refined byproducts are critical for fuelling cars, trucks and planes, powering homes and industry and producing plastics and fertilisers.
President Trump called a ceasefire in the war earlier this month, but also imposed a US blockade on Iranian ports.
Talks to resolve the conflict, which has killed thousands and caused what the International Energy Agency (EIA) says is the world’s biggest oil disruption ever, have deadlocked.
Traders worry as the US insists on discussing Iran’s alleged nuclear weapons programme and Iran demands some control over the strait and reparations for damage from the war.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) said on Tuesday it would exit the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) after nearly 60 years as a member.
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