Economy
What is Capital Gains Taxation and How to Optimize it?

If you have ever traded any securities on the capital markets, chances are that you have paid capital gains taxes before, provided the country of your residence levies such taxes.
Capital gains taxes are levied on the profit generated by buying and selling a particular asset or financial security.
For example, if an investor buys 10 Apple stock for $200 per share and then sells the entire investment for $220 per share, the taxable profit is $200.
Taxes on FX gains are levied at different rates, depending on the length of the holding period of the investment. Long-term capital gains taxes are levied after at least 12 months of holding an asset, while anything less is treated as a short-term capital gain.
In order to better understand how capital gains taxes work and how to optimize your strategies against them, we can look at several examples below.
Example 1 – Long-term capital gains tax
Long-term capital gains taxes in the United States are levied at a rate of 0%, 15%, or 20%, based on income levels and filing status.
Typically, long-term capital gains taxes are levied on asset sales after at least 12 months from purchase. Therefore, if an investor sells an asset 2 years after purchase, the profit will be treated as a long-term capital gain and taxed accordingly.
In other countries, long-term capital gains may have a flat tax rate. For instance, France upholds a long-term capital gains tax of 30%, regardless of the type of instrument.
Example 2 – Short-term capital gains tax
If we look at an example of short-term capital gains taxation, we can see that short-term gains are much easier in terms of tax handling, particularly in the United States, where short-term capital gains are taxed at the ordinary federal and state income tax rates.
For example, if an investor buys $100,000 worth of shares and sells them at a 10% profit in 6 months, the $10,000 difference would be taxable at a rate of 22%, assuming the investor has no other sources of income.
In general, the federal taxes levied on short-term capital gains range from 10% to 37%, with an additional state tax based on place of residence.
Are capital gains taxes universal?
Similarly to any other type of tax levied by governments, capital gains taxes can differ considerably based on the jurisdiction where you reside.
For example, short-term capital gains taxes in the United States are charged at the ordinary income levels, which means that the taxes on short-term capital gains are levied at rates between 10% on the lower end and 37% on the higher end.
On the other hand, a number of countries do not charge capital gains taxes at all. Some such jurisdictions include: Switzerland, Singapore, the UAE, Monaco, Malaysia, Belgium, New Zealand, and more.
In most cases capital gains taxes are levied at income tax levels, while in some cases, they are entirely separate and taxed at a separate, but smaller, rate.
Optimizing your capital gains tax
A key difference between capital gains and other taxes is that capital gains taxes can be optimized, leading to a smaller tax burden overall.
There are several ways of optimizing your capital gains taxes, especially if you reside in the United States and have a SSN, as a number of tax-advantaged investment accounts are available to US residents and citizens, such as: The 401(k), Roth IRAs and Regular IRAs.
In the United Kingdom, you can choose an Individual Savings Account, or ISA. These accounts allow you to close your investments tax-deferred, meaning you do not have to pay capital gains taxes when using them.
Another strategy you can use is tax-loss harvesting, which is done by selling losing investments to offset taxable capital gains. If losses exceed gains, many jurisdictions allow to carry forward excess losses to future years. However, it is also worth noting that tax-loss harvesting can only be done up to $3,000 in the United States.
Conclusion
Capital gains taxes are levied on the profit generated by buying and selling financial securities and other assets.
The rates of capital gains tax differ considerably between jurisdictions and some countries do not levy capital gains taxes at all.
In general, there are two types of capital gains taxes – Short-term and longterm. In most cases, short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income, while long-term capital gains taxes are treated as a distinct subcategory of income tax.
For those seeking to optimize their capital gains taxation to avoid overpaying, they can use strategies, such as tax-loss harvesting up to a certain point, or invest and trade using a IRA or other tax-deferred investment/savings account.
Economy
BoI, NLNG Launch Single Digit Interest Micro-Credit Scheme for MSMEs

By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigeria LNG Limited and the Bank of Industry (BoI) have launched a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) finance scheme with a model that slashes loan interest rates to 9 per cent.
The initiative was piloted in Rivers State to stimulate grassroots economic growth and offer a lifeline for entrepreneurs navigating the current high-cost financial landscape.
The initiative is aimed at providing affordable credit and capacity-building to small businesses and vendors across NLNG’s host communities and Gas Transmission System areas.
Speaking at its relaunch in Port Harcourt, NLNG’s General Manager, External Relations and Sustainable Development, Mrs Sophia Horsfall, said it is a “transformative economic intervention” tailored to reduce poverty and drive sustainable development.
“More than just a micro-credit finance scheme—we ignite new possibilities for grassroots entrepreneurs and small businesses After years of funding and empowering local enterprises, we took a strategic pause to reassess and enhance our impact. This partnership with the Bank of Industry is a bold new step to drive real economic growth in Rivers State and beyond,” she averred.
Mrs Horsfall noted that rising commercial loan interest rates had necessitated NLNG’s intervention with a subsidized model.
“We have introduced a buffer that allows beneficiaries to access loans at a reduced interest rate of 9 per cent. It is not just about financing—it’s about transformation, empowerment, and long-term impact. As we take this bold step forward, we do so with pride, knowing that today, we are shaping a stronger, more sustainable future for all,” she noted.
Under the model, NLNG provides a seed fund matched by BOI, creating a robust pool to support micro-enterprises and local contractors.
The scheme is fully digitalised, with an online portal developed to streamline loan applications and disbursements, ensuring transparency and efficiency.
Representing the Managing Director of BOI, Mr Olasupo Olusi, the Executive Director for MSMEs, Mr Omar Shekarau, said the partnership aligns with the bank’s 2025–2027 corporate strategy, which targets inclusive and sustainable development across six key pillars: youth and skills, gender, digital, MSMEs, climate finance, and infrastructure.
“This partnership also reflects BOI’s reinforced focus. To ensure efficiency and transparency, BOI has deployed a cutting-edge end-to-end loan management platform, the BOI Fund Partner Solution, which allows fund partners real-time access to the performance of their fund.”
He added that BOI remains committed to making long-term, affordable financing available to Nigerian MSMEs while transforming the industrial landscape through strategic partnerships.
“Through this strategic collaboration with BOI, NLNG reinforces its commitment to fostering economic development, empowering local businesses, and sustaining long-term growth within its host communities,” he added.
The reintroduction of the scheme is being hailed as a major boost for small business owners grappling with limited access to credit facilities amidst Nigeria’s tough economic climate.
Economy
Nigeria Raises 182-Day Treasury Bills Rate to 19.50%

By Dipo Olowookere
The stop rates for the 91-day and 182-day treasury bills were raised by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on Wednesday, while that of the 364-day tenor was left unchanged as appetite for the long maturity slows.
Details of the exercise showed that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), which sold the debt instrument through a primary market auction (PMA) for the Debt Management Office (DMO), jacked the rate for the three-month bill higher by 0.50 per cent and pushed the six-month paper higher by 1.00 per cent.
Business Post reports that the stop rate for the short-date instrument cleared yesterday at 18.50 per cent, the half-year note cleared at 19.50 per cent, and the one-year bill remained at 19.63 per cent.
The central bank was at the market with N50.00 billion worth of the 91-day treasury bills but received subscriptions valued at N114.30 billion, and allotted N111.81 billion.
It also auctioned N100.00 billion worth of the 182-day instrument during the session, but got bids valued at N107.09 billion and allotted N105.79 billion.
Like in the previous sessions, the 364-day bill was oversubscribed by investors, though the level was not like in the past. The apex bank offered to sell N650.00 billion worth of the paper to the market participants, but received offers valued at N905.56 billion and allotted N206.98 billion.
From the analysis, the CBN offered investors treasury bills worth N800 billion across the three maturities, but got bids valued at N1.127 trillion and allotted N424.58 billion.
Economy
MTN Plans Second Public Offer in Nigeria

By Adedapo Adesanya
African telecommunications giant, MTN Group, has announced plans to reduce its shareholding in MTN Nigeria through a public offer as it foresees the return of the Nigerian subsidiary to profitability this year.
The group aims to cut its stake from 76 per cent to 65 per cent in line with its longstanding commitment to deepen local ownership.
According to South African tech publication ITWeb, this was disclosed by Mr Ralph Mupita, MTN Group president, during an editors’ roundtable meeting on Tuesday.
“The only localisation we have as MTN Group is we have potentially a sell-down in Nigeria at some point in time, approximately 11 per cent.
“This is something we have said long ago, that over time we would want more Nigerians owning the company, and we are prepared to sell down to 65 per cent. We are at around 76 per cent,” he said.
The offer would mark MTN’s second major retail public offering in Nigeria, following its 2021 sale of 575 million MTN Nigeria shares to local investors.
The offer was oversubscribed, resulting in the allocation of 661.25 million shares, including a 15 per cent greenshoe option.
This reduced MTN’s stake in its Nigerian unit to 75.6 per cent from 78.8 per cent.
More than 126,000 investors participated in that round, including retail and institutional investors such as Nigerian pension funds representing approximately 6.5 million contributors.
At the time in 2022, MTN Group announced plans to further reduce its stake to approximately 65 per cent from 75.6 per cent.
Mr Mupita confirmed that the Group would only proceed with a new offer once MTN Nigeria resolves its negative equity position and resumes dividend payments.
Despite reporting revenue of N3.36 trillion in 2024, a 36.03 per cent rise from N2.47 trillion in 2023, it posted a loss after tax of N400.44 billion, a 192.25 per cent rise from N137.02 billion in 2023.,
This negative performance was driven by macroeconomic headwinds, including record inflation and a steep devaluation of the Naira, which raised operating costs and wiped out investor value.
As a result, MTN Nigeria lost its position to MTN South Africa as the group’s largest revenue contributor.
However, the Group is projecting a rebound in 2025, citing key drivers such as recent tariff adjustments, operational restructuring, and improving macroeconomic indicators in Nigeria.
Speaking at the roundtable, Mr Mupita highlighted that the Group is anticipating a V-shaped recovery in Nigeria’s service revenue.
He pointed to the recent structural reforms, such as the removal of fuel subsidies, the naira stabilisation, and improved Dollar availability.
“The continued normalisation of these factors, particularly naira stability, should have positive impacts on consumer spending power and our business operations,” Mr Mupita noted in the Group’s financial statement for 2024 recently.
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