Economy
What is Capital Gains Taxation and How to Optimize it?
If you have ever traded any securities on the capital markets, chances are that you have paid capital gains taxes before, provided the country of your residence levies such taxes.
Capital gains taxes are levied on the profit generated by buying and selling a particular asset or financial security.
For example, if an investor buys 10 Apple stock for $200 per share and then sells the entire investment for $220 per share, the taxable profit is $200.
Taxes on FX gains are levied at different rates, depending on the length of the holding period of the investment. Long-term capital gains taxes are levied after at least 12 months of holding an asset, while anything less is treated as a short-term capital gain.
In order to better understand how capital gains taxes work and how to optimize your strategies against them, we can look at several examples below.
Example 1 – Long-term capital gains tax
Long-term capital gains taxes in the United States are levied at a rate of 0%, 15%, or 20%, based on income levels and filing status.
Typically, long-term capital gains taxes are levied on asset sales after at least 12 months from purchase. Therefore, if an investor sells an asset 2 years after purchase, the profit will be treated as a long-term capital gain and taxed accordingly.
In other countries, long-term capital gains may have a flat tax rate. For instance, France upholds a long-term capital gains tax of 30%, regardless of the type of instrument.
Example 2 – Short-term capital gains tax
If we look at an example of short-term capital gains taxation, we can see that short-term gains are much easier in terms of tax handling, particularly in the United States, where short-term capital gains are taxed at the ordinary federal and state income tax rates.
For example, if an investor buys $100,000 worth of shares and sells them at a 10% profit in 6 months, the $10,000 difference would be taxable at a rate of 22%, assuming the investor has no other sources of income.
In general, the federal taxes levied on short-term capital gains range from 10% to 37%, with an additional state tax based on place of residence.
Are capital gains taxes universal?
Similarly to any other type of tax levied by governments, capital gains taxes can differ considerably based on the jurisdiction where you reside.
For example, short-term capital gains taxes in the United States are charged at the ordinary income levels, which means that the taxes on short-term capital gains are levied at rates between 10% on the lower end and 37% on the higher end.
On the other hand, a number of countries do not charge capital gains taxes at all. Some such jurisdictions include: Switzerland, Singapore, the UAE, Monaco, Malaysia, Belgium, New Zealand, and more.
In most cases capital gains taxes are levied at income tax levels, while in some cases, they are entirely separate and taxed at a separate, but smaller, rate.
Optimizing your capital gains tax
A key difference between capital gains and other taxes is that capital gains taxes can be optimized, leading to a smaller tax burden overall.
There are several ways of optimizing your capital gains taxes, especially if you reside in the United States and have a SSN, as a number of tax-advantaged investment accounts are available to US residents and citizens, such as: The 401(k), Roth IRAs and Regular IRAs.
In the United Kingdom, you can choose an Individual Savings Account, or ISA. These accounts allow you to close your investments tax-deferred, meaning you do not have to pay capital gains taxes when using them.
Another strategy you can use is tax-loss harvesting, which is done by selling losing investments to offset taxable capital gains. If losses exceed gains, many jurisdictions allow to carry forward excess losses to future years. However, it is also worth noting that tax-loss harvesting can only be done up to $3,000 in the United States.
Conclusion
Capital gains taxes are levied on the profit generated by buying and selling financial securities and other assets.
The rates of capital gains tax differ considerably between jurisdictions and some countries do not levy capital gains taxes at all.
In general, there are two types of capital gains taxes – Short-term and longterm. In most cases, short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income, while long-term capital gains taxes are treated as a distinct subcategory of income tax.
For those seeking to optimize their capital gains taxation to avoid overpaying, they can use strategies, such as tax-loss harvesting up to a certain point, or invest and trade using a IRA or other tax-deferred investment/savings account.
Economy
Lekki Deep Sea Port Reaches 50% Designed Operational Capacity
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Managing Director of Lekki Port LFTZ Enterprise Limited, Mr Wang Qiang, says the port has reached half of its designed operational capacity, with steady growth in container throughput since September 2025, reflecting increasing confidence by shipping lines and cargo owners in Nigeria’s first deep seaport.
“We already reached 50 per cent of our capacity now, almost 50 per cent of the port capacity.
“There is consistent improvement in the number of 20ft equivalent units (TEUs) handled monthly,” he said.
Mr Qiang explained further that efficient multimodal connectivity remains critical to sustaining and accelerating growth at the port.
According to him, barge operations have become an important evacuation channel and currently account for about 10 per cent of cargo movement from the port.
Mr Qiang mentioned that the ongoing Lagos–Calabar Coastal Road project would help ease congestion and improve access to the port.
He said that rail connectivity remained essential, particularly given the scale of industrial activities emerging within the Lekki corridor.
He said that Nigeria Government was concerned about the cargoes moving through rail and that the development would enhance more cargoes distribution outside the port.
Mr Qiang reiterated that Lekki port was a fully automated terminal, noting that delays may persist until all stakeholders, including government agencies, fully aligned with end-to-end digital processes.
He explained that customs procedures, particularly physical cargo examinations, and other port services should be fully digitalised to significantly reduce cargo dwell time.
“We must work together very closely with customers and all categories of operations for automation to yield results.
“Integration between the customs system, the terminal operating system and customers is already part of an agreed implementation schedule.
“For automation to work efficiently, all players must be ready — customers, government and every stakeholder. Only then can we have a fantastic system,” Mr Qiang said.
He also stressed that improved connectivity would allow the port to effectively double capacity through performance optimisation without expanding its physical footprint.
Economy
Investors Reaffirm Strong Confidence in Legend Internet With N10bn CP Oversubscription
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
The series 1 of the N10 billion Commercial Paper (CP) issuance of Legend Internet Plc recorded an oversubscription of 19.7 per cent from investors.
This reaffirmed the strong confidence in the company’s financial stability and growth trajectory.
The exercise is a critical component of Legend Internet’s N10 billion multi-layered financing programme, designed to support its medium- to long-term growth.
Proceeds are expected to be used for broadband infrastructure expansion to deepen nationwide penetration, optimise the organisation’s working capital for operational efficiency, strategic acquisitions that will strengthen its market position and accelerate service innovation.
The telecommunications firm sees the acceptance of the debt instruments as a response to its performance, credit profile, and disciplined operational structure, noting it also reflects continued trust in its ability to execute on its strategic vision for nationwide digital infrastructure expansion.
“The strong investor participation in our Series 1 Commercial Paper issuance is both encouraging and validating. It demonstrates the market’s belief in our financial integrity, operational strength, and long-term vision for digital infrastructure growth. This support fuels our commitment to building a more connected, competitive, and digitally enabled Nigeria.
“This milestone is not just a financing event; it is a strategic enabler of our expansion plans, working capital needs, and future acquisitions. We extend our sincere appreciation to our investors, advisers, and market partners whose confidence continues to propel Legend Internet forward,” the chief executive of Legend Internet, Ms Aisha Abdulaziz, commented.
Also commenting, the Chief Financial Officer of Legend Internet, Mr Chris Pitan, said, “This achievement is powered by our disciplined financing framework, which enables us to scale sustainably, innovate continuously, and consistently meet the evolving needs of our customers.
“We remain committed to building a future where every connection drives opportunity, productivity, and growth for communities across Nigeria.”
Economy
Tinubu to Present 2026 Budget to National Assembly Friday
By Adedapo Adesanya
President Bola Tinubu will, on Friday, present the 2026 Appropriation Bill to a joint session of the National Assembly.
The presentation, scheduled for 2:00 pm, was conveyed in a notice issued on Wednesday by the Office of the Clerk to the National Assembly.
According to the notice, all accredited persons are required to be at their duty posts by 11:00 am on the day of the presentation, as access into the National Assembly Complex will be restricted thereafter for security reasons.
The notice, signed by the Secretary, Human Resources and Staff Development, Mr Essien Eyo Essien, on behalf of the Clerk to the National Assembly, urged all concerned to ensure strict compliance with the arrangements ahead of the President’s budget presentation.
The 2026 budget is projected at N54.4 trillion, according to the approved 2026–2028 Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) and Fiscal Strategy Paper (FSP).
Meanwhile, President Tinubu has asked the National Assembly to repeal and re-enact the 2024 appropriation act in separate letters to the Senate and the House of Representatives on Wednesday and read during plenary by the presiding officers.
The bill was titled Appropriation (Repeal and Re-enactment Bill 2) 2024, involving a total proposed expenditure of N43.56 trillion.
In a letter dated December 16, 2025, the President said the bill seeks authorisation for the issuance of a total sum of N43.56 trillion from the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Federation for the year ending December 31, 2025.
A breakdown of the proposed expenditure shows N1.74 trillion for statutory transfers, N8.27 trillion for debt service, N11.27 trillion for recurrent (non-debt) expenditure, and N22.28 trillion for capital expenditure and development fund contributions.
The President said the proposed legislation is aimed at ending the practice of running multiple budgets concurrently, while ensuring reasonable – indeed unprecedentedly high – capital performance rates on the 2024 and 2025 capital budgets.
He explained that the bill also provides a transparent and constitutionally grounded framework for consolidating and appropriating critical and time-sensitive expenditures undertaken in response to emergency situations, national security concerns, and other urgent needs.
President Tinubu added that the bill strengthens fiscal discipline and accountability by mandating that funds be released strictly for purposes approved by the National Assembly, restricting virement without prior legislative approval, and setting conditions for corrigenda in cases of genuine implementation errors.
The bill, which passed first and second reading in the House of Representatives, has been referred to the Committee on Appropriations for further legislative action.
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