General
GHG Protocol Standards that You Should Know
The earth is warming up faster than any other moment in the past, and it is time to rethink our strategies for cooling it down. During the 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP21), countries committed to limiting further global warming by cutting down greenhouse (GHG) emissions.
Corporates have a bigger role in addressing global warming, and their leadership needs to understand the GHG protocol to help them measure and manage their emissions.
So, how well do you know the GHG protocol? Here is a deeper look, outlining the scopes of GHG emissions and the main standards that you should know about.
What is the GHG Protocol?
Greenhouse Gas Protocol is an organization that was created in 1998 through a partnership between World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World Resources Institute. The protocol was developed to help companies cut down their emissions by setting standards for them. As we are going to see shortly, the GHG protocol provides standards, tools, and training for companies and governments on the best ways to manage emissions.
The protocol operates closely with industry associations, governments, businesses, and NGOs, to create standardized frameworks for emission reduction and reporting to stakeholders. Notably, these standards have evolved over time to cater to the complex problem of global warming.
For example, the standards do not just help companies to cut down their carbon footprint from within but also the entire value chain.
GHG protocol is used by a wide range of companies, and your company is also likely to fit well. Nine out of ten Fortune 500 Companies reporting to CDP use the GHG Protocol. To apply the protocol in your company, make sure to get the right ESG reporting framework and expertise from Diginex.com.
GHG Protocol: The Three Scope Emissions
One of the things that make the GHG protocol famous is its emission classifications. The protocol classifies them into three:
- Scope One: These are emissions that result from the internal operations of a company.
- Scope Two: These emissions are generated through the consumption of purchased steam, heat, cooling, and electricity.
- Scope Three: These are indirect emissions, mainly resulting from the extended supply chain. Note that these emissions must include both downstream and upstream operations.
We must indicate that measuring Scope 3 emissions and to some extent, Scope 2 Emissions is not a simple task. This is why you should consider working with experts at Diginex.com.
GHG Protocol Standards
Here are the main GHG protocols and who they are prepared for:
- Corporate Standard: This protocol is meant for organizations preparing corporate-level GHG emissions inventory. The lovely thing about this standard is that it not only helps companies cut down emissions but also comes in handy, helping them increase transparency.
- GHG Protocol for Cities: Cities are major carbon emission sources, contributing about 75% of all GHG emissions per year. This standard is used to provide for a consistent and transparent measure of GHG emissions in urban areas/ cities. Furthermore, it allows for benchmarking via comparable data.
- Mitigation Goal Standard: Unlike the first two standards above, the mitigation standard is used for developing national and subnational mitigation objectives. It was created to help follow policies and actions set for cutting down GHG emissions.
- Product Standard: With this standard, you are able to look at the entire lifecycle of a selected product. Then, you can notice where more emissions are taking place and then identify opportunities for cutting down emissions.
- Corporate Value Chain Standard: This standard sets out the guidance for companies to evaluate their GHG in their entire value chain. It is very useful for helping companies look at the emissions outside of their operations or walls.
As you can see, GHG protocol is an important pillar in ESG sustainability reporting. To apply it correctly, you need to ensure that the right process is followed, from company review to report generation. It can be pretty challenging, and the best way to get it right is by working with experts. Visit Diginex.com now to learn more about GHG protocol, its application, and optimizing the associated benefits.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has dragged the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited before a Federal High Court in Abuja over what it described as the company’s failure to adequately explain and account for more than ₦211 trillion recorded in its 2023 audited financial statements.
According to SERAP, the sum of N211.015 trillion was listed under “Sundry Receivables” and “Accrued Expenses” in NNPC’s audited accounts without sufficient details to enable public scrutiny of the transactions.
In the suit marked FHC/ABJ/CS/1427/2026 and filed last week, the advocacy group is seeking an order compelling the state oil company to account for the funds and disclose all documents relating to the entries contained in its 2023 financial statements.
SERAP is asking the court to direct the oil company to provide a detailed explanation and reconciliation of the N107.6 trillion recorded as “Sundry Receivables,” including the identities of the debtors, amounts owed, legal basis for the receivables and the status of efforts to recover the funds.
The organisation is also requesting the disclosure of documents relating to the N103.4 trillion listed as “Accrued Expenses,” including the identities of creditors and beneficiaries, the nature of the liabilities, their legal basis and supporting records establishing their legitimacy.
In addition, SERAP wants the court to compel NNPC to release all records used in preparing and approving the N211 trillion entries in the audited accounts.
The group argued that there is an overriding public interest in making the information available, maintaining that NNPC Limited has a legal obligation to explain the transactions and demonstrate that the figures are accurate, lawful and backed by credible documentation.
SERAP further contended that the Freedom of Information Act and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights guarantee citizens access to information held by public institutions, including NNPC Limited, to facilitate oversight of public resources.
According to the organisation, disclosure of the information would promote transparency, strengthen fiscal accountability, prevent corruption and enable Nigerians to assess how the country’s oil wealth is being managed.
The suit stated that Nigerians have a right to know who owes the N107.6 trillion, who is entitled to the N103.4 trillion in accrued expenses, the legal basis for the transactions and whether the entries comply with relevant laws and accountability standards.
Filed by SERAP’s legal team comprising Miss Oluwakemi Agunbiade, Miss Kehinde Oyewumi, Mr Andrew Nwankwo and Miss Maryam Mumuni, the suit explained that “Sundry Receivables” represent funds NNPCL claims are owed to it by individuals, companies or government entities but have not yet been received.
It also described “Accrued Expenses” as liabilities NNPCL says it owes for goods, services or other obligations already incurred but not yet paid.
SERAP argued that together, the two entries account for more than N211 trillion in NNPC’s 2023 audited financial statements, yet the accounts do not sufficiently identify the parties involved, explain the legal basis of the transactions or provide supporting documentation for independent verification.
The organisation maintained that NNPCL remains subject to the Freedom of Information Act because it is wholly owned by the Federal Government and manages petroleum resources and oil revenues on behalf of the federation.
According to SERAP, the Petroleum Industry Act does not exempt the company from its obligations to operate transparently and accountably.
The organisation added that secrecy surrounding oil revenue management undermines public trust, weakens the rule of law and runs contrary to Nigeria’s constitutional provisions, financial regulations and international anti-corruption commitments.
No date has been fixed for hearing the suit.
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Lagos State Commissioner for the Environment and Water Resources, Mr Tokunbo Wahab, has disclosed that the state government has not restricted the movement of people during the re-introduced monthly environmental sanitation exercise.
Responding to an enquiry by an X user, Faveo Autos, on Saturday, he said the exercise was not brought back to restrict the movement of residents, noting that arresting anyone during the sanitation was unlawful and not backed by law.
However, he encouraged Lagosians to use the period to keep their surroundings clean.
“What is the fine for movement during environmental [sanitation]?” Mr Wahab was asked by Faveo Autos today.
In his response, the Commissioner said, “For clarity, there is no restriction on movement during the monthly environmental sanitation exercise. Consequently, arresting anyone on the basis of movement during the exercise is unlawful and does not represent the position or policy of the Lagos State Government.
“The monthly environmental sanitation exercise was reintroduced primarily to restore and strengthen the culture of environmental cleanliness across the state.
“The initiative is backed by the Lagos State Environmental Management and Protection Law, 2017. However, the law does not provide for any restriction on movement during the exercise.
“Our focus is on encouraging Lagosians to embrace environmental sanitation as a civic responsibility and a shared commitment to maintaining a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable Lagos, rather than relying on enforcement measures.”
Life is full of unexpected moments that test our patience, strength, and perspective. Everyone experiences setbacks, disappointments, and periods of uncertainty. While these moments can feel overwhelming, they also provide opportunities for personal growth and self-discovery.
One of the most valuable lessons we learn is that difficult situations rarely last forever. Time, reflection, and a willingness to adapt often help us move beyond even the toughest circumstances. Maintaining a positive outlook and focusing on practical solutions can make a significant difference.
Relationships also play an important role in overcoming hardships. Support from family, friends, or mentors reminds us that we are not alone. At the same time, learning to let go of anger and resentment can free us from emotional burdens that prevent us from moving forward.
The only way out of the labyrinth of suffering is to forgive. It is nothing to die. It is frightful not to live. Everything was beautiful and nothing hurt.
Personal growth is not about avoiding challenges but about responding to them with resilience and wisdom. Every experience, whether positive or negative, contributes to the person we become. By embracing change and practicing gratitude, we can create a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
In the end, moving forward requires courage, forgiveness, and hope. When we choose to focus on what we can control instead of dwelling on the past, we open ourselves to new opportunities and a brighter future.
