General
The Coming of Age of the African Startup Ecosystem
While total disclosed funding fell to $2.2 billion – down 25% from the $2.9 billion raised in 2023 – the numbers alone don’t tell the full story. Beneath the slowdown lies a deeper transformation: a shift from chasing valuation milestones to building operationally resilient businesses that solve fundamental problems.
The funding contraction mirrored global trends, as higher interest rates and tighter capital allocation reshaped venture capital markets. Yet Africa’s downturn was not purely negative. In the second half of 2024, the ecosystem saw renewed momentum from large-scale rounds, notably from Moniepoint (Nigeria) and TymeBank (South Africa). Unlike earlier unicorns that focused on aggressive user acquisition, these companies built their success on hybrid business models, blending digital technology with physical infrastructure.
They were not alone. Fintech players like OPay (Nigeria), Wave Mobile Money (Senegal), and MNT-Halan (Egypt) have also demonstrated that control of both the digital layer and key offline touchpoints (agent networks, payment terminals, or physical kiosks) creates defensible advantages in African markets.
Why Operational-First Wins in Africa
The African market’s structural realities (fragmented infrastructure, cash-heavy economies, and regulatory complexity) make purely digital solutions difficult to scale sustainably.
In Kenya, Buupass tackled bus and rail ticketing by first digitising operators’ backend systems, eliminating paper-based inefficiencies and cash leakages before rolling out consumer-facing booking options.
To tackle this, they developed a Bus Management System (BMS) that digitised inventory, sales, and fleet tracking, enabling operators to modernize their backend systems. They also dealt with fragmented, offline-heavy travel ecosystems by forming partnerships with major players like Safaricom and M-Pesa, providing access to reliable hosting, digital payments, and trust validation, key to onboarding high-value clients like Kenya Railways.
Today, BuuPass processes approximately 12,000 transactions daily and has established partnerships with major transportation providers across Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and South Africa. Their growth came not from viral marketing or user acquisition funnels, but from solving fundamental operational challenges for transport operators.
In West Africa, Logidoo approached cross-border trade by introducing consolidated cargo solutions through their relationship, cutting average transit times by roughly 40% along key China–West Africa and Europe–West Africa corridors.
This improvement in shipping speed and cost-efficiency for clients demonstrated how operational excellence and better physical logistics design can unlock scale across cross-border trade.
Similar strategies are emerging in other sectors. These companies prove that solving operational bottlenecks can be more powerful than just building flashy products.
Funding Shifts by Sector and Geography
According to Africa: The Big Deal, fintech remained dominant in 2024, attracting about 47% of total startup funding, but the fastest-growing slices of investment went to logistics, mobility, and healthtech. Logistics startups, for instance, secured over $400 million across disclosed equity and debt rounds, reflecting investor appetite for infrastructure-heavy models.
Geographically, Nigeria maintained its lead in funding volume, followed by Kenya, Egypt, and South Africa. However, emerging hotspots like Morocco, Senegal, and Tanzania posted year-on-year increases despite the continent-wide slowdown, most of these driven by targeted sector plays in logistics, mobility, and energy.
The market correction exposed common weaknesses. Startups that scaled aggressively without building sustainable revenue streams struggled to survive the funding winter. A recurring failure pattern emerged: expanding to multiple markets before achieving operational stability in one, burning through capital on marketing rather than infrastructure, and relying on vanity metrics (downloads, active users) over unit economics.
According to Hiruy Amanuel, Managing Director at Gullit VC, the ecosystem has developed its own success indicators, “I’ve learnt to be wary when early-stage startups rush to scale without focus or financial discipline. That kind of premature expansion, often without the infrastructure to support it, can be fatal. We’ve seen too many founders chase growth metrics or investor hype, only to fall apart because the fundamentals weren’t there.”
Beyond Fintech
Transport and logistics players are building their own fleets. Healthcare startups are embedding themselves into pharmacy and clinic networks. Agri-tech companies are setting up physical aggregation centers to secure supply chains. Even e-commerce platforms are moving into warehousing and last-mile delivery.
This evolution signals something deeper: in African markets, technology works best when it complements, not replaces, the physical systems people already use.
Looking Ahead…
If 2015–2020 was Africa’s “unicorn era,” 2024–2027 is shaping up to be its “infrastructure era.” The next wave of winners will be companies that master operational execution while using technology to enhance reliability, transparency, and scale.
The result is an ecosystem that’s becoming less dependent on external validation and more focused on creating lasting value within African markets. These trends indicate a maturing landscape that prioritizes solving real problems over chasing global tech trends.
The success of companies like BuuPass, Logidoo, Moniepoint, and TymeBank provides a blueprint for the next generation of African startups. The winning formula combines technological sophistication with deep operational expertise, creating businesses that are both scalable and defensible.
For founders, this means longer timelines to profitability but stronger defensibility once scale is achieved. For investors, it means assessing physical assets, partnerships, and local execution capabilities with as much rigor as product and code.
Africa’s startup ecosystem is no longer solely defined by valuation milestones. Its coming of age is marked by companies that solve real problems, create lasting economic value, and build the scaffolding for future innovation.
And that, more than any unicorn headline, may prove to be the measure that matters most.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) says it recorded a 30 per cent reduction in gas imbalance on the country’s Western Network following the conclusion of its first-half 2026 Nigerian Gas Network Reconciliation (NGNR) Workshop.
The workshop brought together gas transporters, suppliers, shippers and off-takers to reconcile gas volumes traded between January and June 2026, while introducing a Network Entry/Exit Point Measurement Infrastructure Audit Template aimed at improving metering accuracy and accountability across the gas transmission network.
In a communiqué issued after the workshop, the authority said participants also reviewed the performance of the Nigerian Gas Transmission Network, assessed progress on major pipeline infrastructure projects, and received updates on the ELPS Gas Shrinkage Factor and Hydraulic Modelling Project.
Discussions focused on addressing metering gaps, improving network visibility through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) integration, and enhancing system reliability ahead of the commissioning of the Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AKK) Pipeline System.
The workshop adopted key resolutions, including the execution of outstanding Network Exit Agreements, mandatory submission of measurement audit templates and closer collaboration among industry stakeholders to improve network pressure management.
Speaking at the closing session on behalf of the authority’s chief executive, Mr Rabiu A. Umar, the Director of Transportation Systems and Networks, Mr Joseph G. Musa, said the biannual reconciliation exercise had become critical to promoting equitable gas transactions, transparency, investor confidence and efficient network operations.
Mr Musa noted that since the NGNR process was introduced in 2023, it had significantly improved gas measurement, strengthened regulatory compliance through consequence management, reduced operational imbalances and contributed to a more reliable domestic gas supply.
The workshop concluded with participants adopting the reconciled H1 2026 gas volumes, reaffirming the authority’s commitment to a transparent, efficient and reliable domestic gas market.
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
An investment that supports growing food and agriculture companies across Africa that strengthen agricultural value chains has been made by Swedfund.
The organisation is putting down about $12 million to strengthen climate resilience in African food systems through the Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund II (ARAF II).
By improving access to markets, finance and essential services, these companies help smallholder farmers become more resilient to climate and economic shocks.
Over 30 million smallholder farmers operate across Sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 80 per cent of all farms and producing 70 per cent of the region’s food (IFAD). Yet many face limited access to finance, quality inputs, reliable buyers and market information. At the same time, they are among those most exposed to climate change and weather-related shocks, which threaten harvests, incomes and food security.
The investment has an ambition to reach around four million smallholder farmers through ARAF II’s portfolio companies. It also aims to meet the criteria of the 2X Challenge, which promotes investments that support women’s economic empowerment.
ARAF II invests in businesses that address key gaps in agricultural value chains, from improving market access and reducing post-harvest losses to expanding financial and digital services for farmers. By helping these businesses grow, the investment aims to improve productivity, strengthen local value chains and increase the resilience of food systems.
Swedfund invests alongside other development finance institutions and investors to help mobilise long-term capital for businesses that often struggle to access financing despite their potential to strengthen food security, climate resilience and economic development across Africa.
“Climate change is already affecting the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers across Africa. Investing in businesses that improve access to markets, finance and agricultural services helps farmers strengthen their resilience, increase productivity and build more stable incomes. That is essential for more resilient food systems,” the Investment Director of Food Systems and Strategic Investments at Swedfund, Ms Helen Hagos, said.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has urged President Bola Tinubu to order a probe into the alleged diversion, disappearance and misapplication of more than N6.79 billion in public funds within the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and the Federal Ministry of Police Affairs.
The grave allegations are documented in the latest Annual Report of the Auditor-General of the Federation published on September 9, 2025.
SERAP said, “Anyone suspected to be responsible—including contractors, companies and public officials implicated in the report—should be promptly prosecuted, while all missing public funds, firearms and ammunition should be fully recovered, secured and properly accounted for.”
In the letter dated August 1, 2026, and signed by SERAP deputy director, Mr Kolawole Oluwadare, the organisation said: “The Auditor-General’s findings suggest a grave betrayal of the public trust and raise serious concerns about corruption and the management of public funds, police exhibits, firearms and ammunition.”
SERAP said: “The report also raises serious concerns over missing firearms and ammunition, the unauthorised use and release of police exhibits, failures to properly account for exhibits, and the insecure storage of firearms, creating significant risks to public safety and national security.”
According to the group, “The diversion of funds meant for policing, abandoned security projects, missing firearms and ammunition, and the misuse of police exhibits undermine the operational effectiveness of the Nigeria Police Force, weaken public confidence and may contribute to Nigeria’s worsening insecurity.”
The letter, read in part: “The report documented numerous alleged financial irregularities within the Nigeria Police Force and the Federal Ministry of Police Affairs, including payments for projects that were never executed, abandoned contracts, inflated contract costs, and irregular procurement.”
“The report also documented unretired cash advances, unsettled insurance claims, payments for services allegedly not rendered, and other suspected diversion and misapplication of public funds amounting to over ₦6.79 billion.”
“The allegations also include missing firearms and ammunition, the unauthorised use and release of police exhibits, failures to properly account for recovered firearms and other exhibits, and the insecure storage of firearms, posing serious risks to public safety and national security.”
“We would be grateful if the recommended measures are taken within seven days of the receipt and/or publication of this letter. If we have not heard from you by then, SERAP shall consider appropriate legal action to compel your government to comply with our request in the public interest.”
Some of the others include: N499,875,500.00 for the construction of Police College Phase II, Bashar, Plateau State; N12,931,000.00 for the rehabilitation of Block B, Department of Logistics and Supply (Works) building, Garki; N111,635,864.64 for the construction of 12 one-bedroom transit camp units and rehabilitation of the administration block at the NPF Pre-retirement Skills Acquisition Centre, Kudana, Kaduna State; N4,011,627.89 inserted as taxes to inflate a contract; N1,938,299,452.00 for 14 ongoing projects that were abandoned; N5,050,000.00 in monetary exhibits released without proper authorisation; N112,026,424.00 for outstanding allowances paid to officers to cover 2020 liabilities; and N6,000,000.00 as annual payment to the Inspector General of Police’s Senior Special Assistant on Revenue and Tax Matters.
Others include N10,080,000.00 as cash advances for the provision of office equipment and accessories for the NPF Database Management Centre; N438,066,845.73 for the supply of bulletproof vests, ballistic helmets and procurement of a Styr Punch Vistar troop carrier; N18,000,000.00 for the training of women in cosmetology and provision of empowerment kits in Ondo Central Senatorial District, Ondo State; N258,989,999.75 for the procurement of 10 JAC patrol vehicles for NPF outpost stations in Kano State; N30,853,250.00 as security allowances for personnel attached to the Ministry of Police Affairs; N681,406,593.18 for the settlement of insurance claims through insurance brokers; N1,628,108,434.18 for outstanding insurance policy liabilities for 2020/2021; N57,484,515.30 for the procurement of video cameras, customised umbrellas, gift bags and customised towels for the Nigeria Police Force Public Relations Office; N7,760,409.56 in withholding tax and value added tax that was not deducted from contracts awarded.
