Technology
What is NFT and What You Need to Know About it

By Kenneth Horsfall
What is an NFT? An NFT is a non-fungible token (NFT), a non-interchangeable unit of data stored on a blockchain, a form of digital ledger that can be sold and traded.
Types of NFT data units may be associated with digital files such as photos, videos, and audio because each token is uniquely identifiable, NFTs differ from blockchain cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin.
NFT ledgers claim to provide a public certificate of authenticity or proof of ownership, but the legal rights conveyed by an NFT can be uncertain. NFTs do not restrict the sharing or copying of the underlying digital files, do not necessarily convey the copyright of the digital files, and do not prevent the creation of NFTs with identical associated files.
NFTs have been used as a speculative asset, and they have drawn increasing criticism for the energy cost and carbon footprint associated with validating blockchain transactions as well as their frequent use in art scams and claimed structure of the NFT market to be a Ponzi scheme.
An NFT is a unit of data stored on a digital ledger called a blockchain, which can be sold and traded. The NFT can be associated with a particular digital or physical asset (such as a file or a physical object) and a license to use the asset for a specified purpose. An NFT (and, if applicable, the associated license to use, copy or display the underlying asset) can be traded and sold on digital markets. The extra-legal nature of NFT trading usually results in an informal exchange of ownership over the asset that has no legal basis for enforcement, often conferring little more than use as a status symbol.
How Is an NFT Different from Cryptocurrency?
NFTs function like cryptographic tokens, but, unlike cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, NFTs are not mutually interchangeable, hence not fungible.
While all Bitcoins are equal, each NFT may represent a different underlying asset and thus may have a different value. NFTs are created when blockchains string records of cryptographic hash, a set of characters identifying a set of data, onto previous records, therefore, creating a chain of identifiable data blocks.
This cryptographic transaction process ensures the authentication of each digital file by providing a digital signature that is used to track NFT ownership. However, data links that point to details such as where the art is stored can be affected by link rot.
NFTs are different. Each has a digital signature that makes it impossible for NFTs to be exchanged for or equal to one another (hence, non-fungible). One NBA Top Shot clip, for example, is not equal to EVERYDAYS simply because they’re both NFTs. (One NBA Top Shot clip isn’t even necessarily equal to another NBA Top Shot clip, for that matter.)
How Does an NFT Work?
NFTs exist on a blockchain, which is a distributed public ledger that records transactions. You’re probably most familiar with blockchain as the underlying process that makes cryptocurrencies possible.
Specifically, NFTs are typically held on the Ethereum blockchain, although other blockchains support them as well.
An NFT is created or “minted” from digital objects that represent both tangible and intangible items, including:
- Art
- GIFs
- Videos and sports highlights
- Collectibles
- Virtual avatars and video game skins
- Designer sneakers
- Music
Even tweets count. Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey sold his first-ever tweet as an NFT for more than $2.9 million.
Essentially, NFTs are like physical collector’s items, only digital. So instead of getting an actual oil painting to hang on the wall, the buyer gets a digital file instead.
They also get exclusive ownership rights. That’s right: NFTs can have only one owner at a time. NFTs’ unique data makes it easy to verify their ownership and transfer tokens between owners. The owner or creator can also store specific information inside them. For instance, artists can sign their artwork by including their signature in an NFT’s metadata.
Early History of NFT (2014–2017)
The first known “NFT”, Quantum, was created by Kevin McCoy and Anil Dash in May 2014, consisting of a video clip made by McCoy’s wife, Jennifer. McCoy registered the video on the Namecoin blockchain and sold it to Dash for $4, during a live presentation for the Seven on Seven conference at the New Museum in New York City. McCoy and Dash referred to the technology as “monetized graphics”.
A non-fungible, tradable blockchain marker was explicitly linked to a work of art, via on-chain metadata (enabled by Namecoin). This is in contrast to the multi-unit, fungible, metadata-less “coloured coins” of other blockchains and Counterparty.
In October 2015, the first NFT project, Etheria, was launched and demonstrated at DEVCON 1 in London, Ethereum’s first developer conference, three months after the launch of the Ethereum blockchain. Most of Etheria’s 457 purchasable and tradable hexagonal tiles went unsold for more than five years until March 13, 2021, when renewed interest in NFTs sparked a buying frenzy. Within 24 hours, all tiles of the current version and a prior version, each hardcoded to 1 ETH ($0.43 at the time of launch), were sold for a total of $1.4 million.
The term “NFT” only gained currency with the ERC-721 standard, first proposed in 2017 via the Ethereum GitHub, following the launch of various NFT projects that year. The standard coincided with the launch of several NFT projects, including Curio Cards, CryptoPunks (a project to trade unique cartoon characters, released by the American studio Larva Labs on the Ethereum blockchain) and rare Pepe trading cards.
Increased Public Awareness of NTF (2017–Present)
The 2017 online game CryptoKitties was monetized by selling tradable cat NFTs, and its success brought some public attention to NFTs.
The NFT market experienced rapid growth during 2020, with its value tripling to $250 million. In the first three months of 2021, more than $200 million were spent on NFTs.
In the early months of 2021, interest in NFTs increased after a number of high-profile sales and art auctions.
Copyright of NFT
Ownership of an NFT does not inherently grant copyright or intellectual property rights to the digital asset a token represents. While someone may sell an NFT representing their work, the buyer will not necessarily receive copyright privileges when ownership of the NFT is changed and so the original owner is allowed to create more NFTs of the same work. In that sense, an NFT is merely proof of ownership that is separate from copyright.
According to legal scholar Rebecca Tushnet, “In one sense, the purchaser acquires whatever the art world thinks they have acquired. They definitely do not own the copyright to the underlying work unless it is explicitly transferred.”
To be continued…
My name is Kenneth Horsfall and I’m the creative director and founder of K.S. Kennysoft Studios Production Ltd, fondly called Kennysoft STUDIOs, a Nigerian Video and Animation Production Studio. I am also the founder and lead instructor at Kennysoft Film Academy and can be reached via [email protected]
Technology
Obi Ozor Reacquires Freight Logistics Startup Kobo360 from Investors

By Aduragbemi Omiyale
The co-founder of a freight logistics firm, Kobo360, Mr Obi Ozor, is back at the company after he stepped down in 2023 to become the Commissioner for Transportation in Enugu State.
He has reacquired shares of the company from investors, excluding the International Finance Corporation (IFC), which reaffirmed its commitment to supporting entrepreneurs driving innovation and development in Africa, according to a mail to TechCabal, which reported the news.
Recall that earlier, Kobo360 raised about $79 million from investors, including Juven, a spinoff from Goldman Sachs, IFC, and TLcom Capital.
However, due to its business model, the organisation has struggled to remain in business, forcing its lenders to cut off credit support, which has affected its operations.
The firm has experienced cash flow issues, which have made it impossible to pay truck drivers on time, resulting into declining trip volumes and sharp decline in revenue to keep operations going.
TechCabal reported that a former employee of Kobo360 claimed that truck drivers are paid upfront but had to wait 30 to 90 days for manufacturers and distributors to settle invoices.
“Our partnership with these banks was three-way, so tensions on the bank’s side led to us losing access to our customers’ domiciled accounts. These were major clients, and losing their business significantly reduced Kobo360’s trip volume, revenue, and overall growth,” the source was said to have stated.
Kobo360 began operations in 2017 and hoped to cut inefficiencies, reduce empty return trips, and improve pricing transparency through technology by matching truck owners with businesses needing to move goods.
But these goals have not been sustained because of the challenges the company faced.
Mr Ozor later stepped down for a political appointment in Enugu State. He was replaced by Ciku Mugambi, who later stepped down last October after the company continued to struggle to remain afloat.
This may have forced Mr Ozor to return to the organisation to salvage the situation.
According to TechCabal, IFC believes the situation is not beyond repairs.
“The challenging macroeconomic environment has created headwinds for startups across emerging markets, including in the logistics sector.
“The IFC remains committed to supporting entrepreneurs driving innovation and development across the continent,” it told the news platform.
Technology
JPMorgan Chase, Others Invest $10m in FairPlay

By Dipo Olowookere
About $10 million has been attracted in investment by FairPlay from JPMorgan Chase, Infinity Ventures and Nyca Partners.
Infinity Ventures, whose founding team previously led PayPal’s Corporate Development and Venture efforts, brings deep expertise in identifying and scaling innovative financial technologies.
The chief executive of FairPlay, Mr Kareem Saleh, believes the funding support “not only validates our mission but also enables us to help more lenders and insurers make decisions that benefit their businesses and their customers.”
He noted, “This investment from a leading group of investors and financial institutions underscores the growing importance of AI safety in the banking and insurance sectors. We’re thrilled to have the support of such prestigious investors as we enter our next phase of growth.”
The firm received these fresh funds after it posted a threefold increase in business in 2024, demonstrating robust market demand for its Artificial Intelligence (AI) safety solutions.
FairPlay’s tools help companies using AI to make high-stakes decisions about consumers’ lives identify and correct blind spots in their decisioning systems.
Its customers find that the product increases revenue, enables them to stay compliant with regulations, and improves financial health outcomes for consumers.
This new funding will accelerate FairPlay’s mission of building fairness infrastructure for the Internet, thereby creating greater safety for all consumers in today’s race to AI adoption.
“FairPlay’s innovative fairness-as-a-service approach has demonstrated remarkable traction in the market. We’ve been particularly impressed by the calibre of institutions adopting FairPlay — including several of the top banks and Fortune 500 companies—because of its robustness and ability to deliver results faster.
“We believe FairPlay’s technology will become a tool for many institutions using AI to make important decisions,” a partner at Infinity Ventures, Jay Ganatra, remarked.
“FairPlay has built an impressive set of products to help its customers evaluate their models, broaden credit access, and strengthen the financial services ecosystem so that institutions of all sizes can adopt responsible AI practices,” the Head of Impact Finance and Advisory at JPMorgan Chase, Shuman Chakrabarty, commented.
“As early investors in FairPlay, we’ve watched the company consistently execute on its vision. Their impressive growth validates our long-standing conviction in both their mission and their ability to deliver pioneering AI solutions to the market,” a partner at Nyca, Jeremy Solomon, noted.
Technology
Interswitch Advocates AI Adoption for Workforce Evolution

By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Group Chief Human Resources Officer of Interswitch, Mr Franklin Ali, has called for the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to make work easier by boosting operational efficiency and driving economic growth.
Mr Ali, at the 2025 InnovateAI Conference Lagos held at the Landmark Centre, Lagos, submitted that, “The AI economy is a gateway to the knowledge economy, and it is imperative that we embrace this shift.”
“While AI adoption in leading economies like America and China remains below 50 per cent, these nations are at the forefront of AI advancements.
“To compete globally, Nigeria must prioritise reskilling and upskilling its workforce, fostering a mindset shift, and equipping professionals with core and enabling skills such as data literacy, JavaScript, and other technical competencies,” he further stated during a panel session titled AI and The Future of Work in Nigeria.
The Human Resources expert while emphasising the importance of targeted learning and problem-solving at the event themed Scaling AI Adoption in Nigeria: Catalysing Cross-Sectoral Innovation and Fostering Inclusive Growth, informed the participants that, “AI is not just a buzzword; it is a tool for solving real-world problems.”
“For instance, traffic congestion in Lagos is a challenge that can be addressed through AI-driven solutions.
“However, adept use of AI technology requires a deep understanding of core tech skills in areas like natural language processing, robotics, and machine learning.
“We must learn AI not for the sake of it but to solve specific problems that impact our society and economy,” he noted.
This year’s conference had Interswitch Group as a Platinum Sponsor for the second consecutive year, reinforcing its commitment to advancing AI-driven innovation across Africa.
By collaborating with key stakeholders and fostering industry-wide conversations, Interswitch aims to drive AI-powered innovation that will propel Nigeria’s digital economy forward.
As a pioneer in Africa’s fintech space, Interswitch remains dedicated to championing initiatives that harness technology’s transformative potential to unlock new opportunities, stimulate economic growth, and elevate user experiences.
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