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Nigeria’s Trade Hits N35.2trn in Q3 2024 as Surplus Expands to N5.8trn

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trade in Nigeria

By Adedapo Adesanya

According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigeria’s total merchandise trade stood at N35.2 trillion in the third quarter of 2024, representing an increase of 81.4 percent from the value recorded in the corresponding period of 2023 and a rise of 13.26 percent over the value recorded in the preceding quarter.

In the quarter under review, exports accounted for 58.3 per cent of total trade with a value of N20.5 trillion, showing an increase of 98 per cent rise over the value recorded in the third quarter of 2023 (N10.34 trillion) and 16.8 per cent compared to the value recorded in Q2 2024 (N17.5 trillion).

On the other hand, the share of imports accounted for 41.7 per cent of total trade in the third quarter of 2024, with the value of imports amounting to N14.7 trillion in Q3 2024.

This value indicates an increase of 62.3 per cent compared to the value recorded in Q3 2023 (N9.04 trillion) and 8.7 per cent over the value recorded in Q2 2024 (N13.5 illion).

With Nigeria’s exports outweighing its import, the merchandise trade balance for Q3 2024 remained positive at N5.8 trillion indicating an increase of 43.6 per cent compared to the value recorded in the preceding quarter.

A further breakdown showed that Nigeria’s exports trade continued to be dominated by crude oil exports, in the third quarter of 2024. Crude oil export was valued at N13.4 trillion representing 65.4 per cent of total exports while the value of non-crude oil exports stood at N7.08 trillion accounting for 34.6 per cent of total exports; of which non-oil products contributed N2.5 trillion or 12.2 per cent of total exports.

During the third quarter of 2024, total imports were valued at N14.7 trillion accounting for 41.7 per cent of total trade.

Nigeria’s top-ranked group import was mineral fuels with N5.14 trillion representing 35.0 per cent of total imports, this was followed by machinery and transport equipment with N3.8 trillion (25.8 per cent of total imports) and chemicals & related products with N1.9 trillion (13.5 per cent of total imports).

Nigeria imported goods mainly from Asia, valued at N7.3 trillion representing 49.7 per cent of total imports. This was followed by imports from Europe with N5.4 trillion or 36.5 per cent, America with N1.4 trillion or 9.8 per cent, while imports from Oceania stood at with N73.91 billion or 0.5 per cent in the third quarter of 2024.

Trade with African countries stood at N512.56 billion or 3.49 per cent of total imports; of which imports from ECOWAS countries amounted to N72.71 billion or 0.5 per cent of total imports.

Analysis by trading partners reveals that imports from China were valued at N3.6 trillion, representing 24.4 per cent of total imports. This was followed by imports from India with N1.7 trillion (11.3 per cent of total imports), Belgium with imports valued at N1.6 trillion or 11.1 per cent of total imports, United States of America with goods valued at N1.02 trillion (6.9 per cent of total imports) and goods from Malta valued at N766.81 billion or 5.2 per cent of total imports.

Exports by section revealed that Nigeria exported mainly mineral products valued at N18.1 trillion, or 88.5 per cent of the total export value, this was followed by exports of prepared foodstuffs; beverages, spirits and vinegar; tobacco worth N722.66 billion or 3.5 per cent of the value of total exports and vehicles, aircraft and parts thereof; vessels, with N667.11 billion or 3.3 per cent of the value of total exports.

Exports trade by region shows that Nigeria exported goods mainly to Europe with goods valued at N9.2 trillion or 45.1 per cent of total exports, followed by exports to Asia valued at N5.2 trillion or 25.3 per cent of total exports, while exports to America was valued at N3.4 trillion representing 16.5 per cent of total exports.

Exports to Africa stood at N2.5 trillion or 12.1 per cent of the total exports; out of which, good exported to ECOWAS countries was valued at N1.5 trillion.

Analysis of exports according to trading partners revealed that during the quarter under review, the main export destination was Spain with a value of N2.3 trillion or 11.1 per cent of total exports, followed by exports to the US with N1.7 trillion or 8.3 per cent of total exports, France with N1.6 trillion or 7.8 per cent of total export, the Netherlands with N1.4 trillion or 7 per cent of total exports, and exports to Italy with goods valued at N1.4 billion representing 6.7 per cent of total exports.

The NBS noted that these five countries collectively accounted for 40.8 per cent of the value of total exports in Q3, 2024.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

Economy

UK Backs Nigeria With Two Flagship Economic Reform Programmes

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The United Kingdom via the British High Commission in Abuja has launched two flagship economic reform programmes – the Nigeria Economic Stability & Transformation (NEST) programme and the Nigeria Public Finance Facility (NPFF) -as part of efforts to support Nigeria’s economic reform and growth agenda.

Backed by a £12.4 million UK investment, NEST and NPFF sit at the centre of the UK-Nigeria mutual growth partnership and support Nigeria’s efforts to strengthen macroeconomic stability, improve fiscal resilience, and create a more competitive environment for investment and private-sector growth.

Speaking at the launch, Cynthia Rowe, Head of Development Cooperation at the British High Commission in Abuja, said, “These two programmes sit at the heart of our economic development cooperation with Nigeria. They reflect a shared commitment to strengthening the fundamentals that matter most for our stability, confidence, and long-term growth.”

The launch followed the inaugural meeting of the Joint UK-Nigeria Steering Committee, which endorsed the approach of both programmes and confirmed strong alignment between the UK and Nigeria on priority areas for delivery.

Representing the Government of Nigeria, Special Adviser to the President of Nigeria on Finance and the Economy, Mrs Sanyade Okoli, welcomed the collaboration, touting it as crucial to current, critical reforms.

“We welcome the United Kingdom’s support through these new programmes as a strong demonstration of our shared commitment to Nigeria’s economic stability and long-term prosperity. At a time when we are implementing critical reforms to strengthen fiscal resilience, improve macroeconomic stability, and unlock inclusive growth, this partnership will provide valuable technical support. Together, we are laying the foundation for a more resilient economy that delivers sustainable development and improved livelihoods for all Nigerians.”

On his part, Mr Jonny Baxter, British Deputy High Commissioner in Lagos, highlighted the significance of the programmes within the wider UK-Nigeria mutual growth partnership.

“NEST and NPFF are central to our shared approach to strengthening the foundations that underpin long-term economic prosperity. They sit firmly within the UK-Nigeria mutual growth partnership.”

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Economy

MTN Nigeria, SMEDAN to Boost SME Digital Growth

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MTN Nigeria SMEDAN

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

A strategic partnership aimed at accelerating the growth, digital capacity, and sustainability of Nigeria’s 40 million Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has been signed by MTN Nigeria and the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN).

The collaboration will feature joint initiatives focused on digital inclusion, financial access, capacity building, and providing verified information for MSMEs.

With millions of small businesses depending on accurate guidance and easy-to-access support, MTN and SMEDAN say their shared platform will address gaps in communication, misinformation, and access to opportunities.

At the formal signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Thursday, November 27, 2025, in Lagos, the stage was set for the immediate roll-out of tools, content, and resources that will support MSMEs nationwide.

The chief operating officer of MTN Nigeria, Mr Ayham Moussa, reiterated the company’s commitment to supporting Nigeria’s economic development, stating that MSMEs are the lifeline of Nigeria’s economy.

“SMEs are the backbone of the economy and the backbone of employment in Nigeria. We are delighted to power SMEDAN’s platform and provide tools that help MSMEs reach customers, obtain funding, and access wider markets. This collaboration serves both our business and social development objectives,” he stated.

Also, the Chief Enterprise Business Officer of MTN Nigeria, Ms Lynda Saint-Nwafor, described the MoU as a tool to “meet SMEs at the point of their needs,” noting that nano, micro, small, and medium businesses each require different resources to scale.

“Some SMEs need guidance, some need resources; others need opportunities or workforce support. This platform allows them to access whatever they need. We are committed to identifying opportunities across financial inclusion, digital inclusion, and capacity building that help SMEs to scale,” she noted.

Also commenting, the Director General of SMEDAN, Mr Charles Odii, emphasised the significance of the collaboration, noting that the agency cannot meet its mandate without leveraging technology and private-sector expertise.

“We have approximately 40 million MSMEs in Nigeria, and only about 400 SMEDAN staff. We cannot fulfil our mandate without technology, data, and strong partners.

“MTN already has the infrastructure and tools to support MSMEs from payments to identity, hosting, learning, and more. With this partnership, we are confident we can achieve in a short time what would have taken years,” he disclosed.

Mr Odii highlighted that the SMEDAN-MTN collaboration would support businesses across their growth needs, guided by their four-point GROW model – Guidance, Resources, Opportunities, and Workforce Development.

He added that SMEDAN has already created over 100,000 jobs within its two-year administration and expects the partnership to significantly boost job creation, business expansion, and nationwide enterprise modernisation.

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Economy

NGX Seeks Suspension of New Capital Gains Tax

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited is seeking review of the controversial Capital Gains Tax increase, fearing it will chase away foreign investors from the country’s capital market.

Nigeria’s new tax regime, which takes effect from January 1, 2026, represents one of the most significant changes to Nigeria’s tax system in recent years.

Under the new rules, the flat 10 per cent Capital Gains Tax rate has been replaced by progressive income tax rates ranging from zero to 30 per cent, depending on an investor’s overall income or profit level while large corporate investors will see the top rate reduced to 25 per cent as part of a wider corporate tax reform.

The chief executive of NGX, Mr Jude Chiemeka, said in a Bloomberg interview in Kigali, Rwanda that there should be a “removal of the capital gains tax completely, or perhaps deferring it for five years.”

According to him, Nigeria, having a higher Capital Gains Tax, will make investors redirect asset allocation to frontier markets and “countries that have less tax.”

“From a capital flow perspective, we should be concerned because all these international portfolio managers that invest across frontier markets will certainly go to where the cost of investing is not so burdensome,” the CEO said, as per Bloomberg. “That is really the angle one will look at it from.”

Meanwhile, the policy has been defended by the chairman of the Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee, Mr Taiwo Oyedele, who noted that the new tax will make investing in the capital market more attractive by reducing risks, promoting fairness, and simplifying compliance.

He noted that the framework allows investors to deduct legitimate costs such as brokerage fees, regulatory charges, realised capital losses, margin interest, and foreign exchange losses directly tied to investments, thereby ensuring that they are not taxed when operating at a loss.

Mr Oyedele  also said the reforms introduced a more inclusive approach to taxation by exempting several categories of investors and transactions.

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