Banking
CBN Begs Court Not to Compel First Bank to Pay N123b Debt
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
A Federal High Court sitting in Owerri, Imo State, has been urged by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) not to make absolute the temporary garnishee order it granted six chiefs representing the Ogoni community, compelling it (CBN) to pay the sum of N122.53 billion on behalf of First Bank of Nigeria Limited (First Bank).
According to ThisDay, CBN’s lead counsel, Professor Fabian Ajogwu (SAN), while responding to a new suit filed by the judgment creditors (Ogoni chiefs) seeking to commit First Bank, its chairman, Mrs Ibukun Awosika, and Managing Director, Dr Sola Adeduntan, to prison for alleged contempt for not paying them the sum of over N122.53 billion, stated that making the order absolute and compelling the CBN to pay out the huge sum would be against the interest of justice because the matter was still pending at the Supreme Court.
There are concerns that compelling the CBN to pay the N122.53 billion from First Bank’s funds domiciled with the central bank could have far-reaching consequences for Nigeria’s oldest and biggest lender by assets and deposits, and a systemic impact on the rest of the financial system and wider economy.
But in a statement yesterday, the bank said it was a responsible and law abiding corporate citizen with the capacity and character to, on a consistent basis, meet its obligations as and when due.
The case, which started in 1991, was originally instituted at the Rivers State High Court, Nchia Division, by six indigenes of Ogoniland against the Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Netherlands, Royal Dutch Shell Plc, United Kingdom, and Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) of Nigeria Limited over alleged oil spills that occurred when Shell operated in the community.
The plaintiffs alleged that it was the same case that led to the Ogoni struggle championed by the late Mr Ken Saro Wiwa.
Judgment was eventually entered in their favour against Shell by the state High Court, whereupon the defendant appealed against the said judgment.
However, in 2001, a fresh suit was commenced by some representatives of the Ogoni people before the Federal High Court in Port Harcourt presided over by Justice Ibrahim Buba claiming N17 billion and interests on the said sum for the losses allegedly caused by the oil spills.
Justice Buba, after listening to the submissions of the parties in the suit, in his judgment in 2010, awarded N17 billion to the representatives of the Ogoni people.
The court equally granted the Ogoni chiefs 25 per cent interest charge on the principal sum of about N17 billion.
SPDC then appealed against the judgment and applied for a stay of execution of the judgment pending the appeal.
As a condition for granting the stay of execution, the court required Shell’s bankers, First Bank, to provide a guarantee of the judgment sum.
This condition was complied with. But Shell’s appeal failed at the Court of Appeal on technical grounds, ostensibly because it filed its processes out of time and without regularising them.
When the oil giant proceeded to the Supreme Court, it also failed as the court upheld the decision of the Court of Appeal.
Accordingly, last December, the judgment creditors (Ogoni representatives) commenced garnishee proceedings at the Federal High Court in Owerri presided over by Justice Lewis Allagoa.
They urged the CBN to pay them N122.53 billion out of First Bank’s account in its custody.
THISDAY gathered that they calculated the principal sum of N17 billion and the accrued 25 per cent interest charge per annum to arrive at the sum of N122,533,403,392.
In January, Justice Allagoa granted them a temporary order (garnishee nisi) ordering the CBN to pay them the sum from First Bank’s account with it.
The judgment creditors, Chief Isaac Osaro Agbara and five others (representing the Ogoni community) are represented by Mr. Lucius Nwosu (SAN) as the lead counsel, while First Bank is represented by Chief Wole Olanipekun (SAN) as lead counsel.
Shell, against whom the judgment was made and who wants to be joined in the garnishee proceedings, having filed a motion for joinder, is represented by Mr Wale Akoni (SAN), while the garnishee, CBN, which is allegedly in custody of the N122.53 billion is represented by Ajogwu.
When the suit came up for hearing before Justice Lewis-Allagoa of the Federal High Court in Owerri last Friday, Ajogwu, filed a motion before the court to set aside the temporary garnishee order on the grounds that the CBN was not indebted to and does not have the private funds of First Bank in its custody.
However, Akoni’s motion for Shell to be joined in the garnishee proceedings could not be taken.
Ajogwu contended that the consent of the Attorney General of the Federation was not obtained to attach the money alleged to be in the custody of a public officer, contrary to the Sheriffs and Civil Process Act.
He also argued that the funds alleged to be in the custody of the CBN could only be statutory funds, which cannot be attached for payment of judgment sums.
He further averred that in view of the several suits and appeals in the matter, the proceedings were an abuse of the court’s process and amounted to forum shopping.
In his motion, counsel to First Bank, Olanipekun, also asked the court to set aside the temporary garnishee order.
He argued that the court lacks the jurisdiction to hear the case, and therefore asked the court to transfer the case to Abuja or Lagos.
But in his response, Nwosu stated that the Ogoni judgment creditors were entitled to the benefit of their judgment and opposed all motions by the CBN, Shell and First Bank.
After hearing all the parties in the case, Justice Allagoa adjourned the matter to April 11, 2018, for the continuation of hearing.
But in a statement sent to THISDAY yesterday, First Bank’s Head of Marketing and Corporate Communications, Mrs Folake Ani-Mumuney, said her organisation was a responsible law abiding citizen with the capacity and character to meet its obligations as and when due.
She said the events culminating in the issuance of the bank guarantee at the request of Shell and all the lawsuits arising from the case were before the courts.
She expressed confidence that the courts would dispense justice in the cases in line with constitutional obligations.
According to her, “First Bank is a responsible and law abiding corporate citizen with the capacity and character to, on a consistent basis, meet its obligations as and when due.
“The events culminating in First Bank’s issuance of the said bank guarantee at the request of Shell Petroleum Development Company Limited as well as all matters arising therefrom and associated therewith are subject matters of different lawsuits including Suit Nos. FHC/OW/CS/C4/2017, FHC/L/NJR/1/2018 and Appeal Nos. SC/511/2017 and SC/731/2017 which are ongoing.
“We are confident that the various courts will dispense justice in the cases in line with their constitutional obligations.”
Also, a source conversant with the case explained that First Bank’s appeal was still at the Supreme Court and hearing on the case will come up on October 16, 2018.
He said irrespective of the fact that the Supreme Court had not ruled on the case, the counsel to the Ogoni chiefs, Nwosu, has been pushing for First Bank to honour the guarantee.
He said First Bank, however, has maintained that the parties have the right to exhaust their rights in law and that includes going to the Supreme Court.
According to the source, this was another attempt by Nwosu to stampede the bank into paying the N122.53 billion.
Opening up on other tactics employed by the counsel to the Ogoni chiefs to compel First Bank to cough up the sum despite the fact that the matter is still being adjudicated, he said Nwosu had also petitioned the two legislative chambers of the National Assembly.
“Not stopping at that, he has petitioned the central banks of other countries where First Bank has operations; he has initiated winding up proceedings against the bank in Lagos and Abuja which he discontinued; he took an action against First Bank at the Federal High Court in Port Harcourt which he abandoned; he obtained the garnishee at the Federal High Court in Owerri seeking to attach First Bank’s funds at the CBN; then last week he filed contempt proceedings against the chairman and managing director of the bank.
“All these he has done irrespective of the case at the Supreme Court. But First Bank, from what I can tell, is confident in the judiciary to do the right thing,” he said.
The growing digital economy and the Naira card payment restriction have accelerated the rise of virtual card payments. From a single virtual card operator in 2015, Nigerians now have as many options. They can literally get a virtual card in Nigeria today from several platforms.
But among the most popular are highly reliable options like Cardtonic and Cleva. Both virtual cards deliver an excellent experience for shoppers and freelancers in Nigeria alike. They are accepted across global stores and online payment platforms.
Cardtonic is best for making subscription payments, like paying for YouTube Premium. While Cleva is for receiving foreign payments internationally. It is also one of the best ways to send money to Nigeria.
So between Cardtonic and Cleva, which virtual card would you choose? This article explains everything you need to know before choosing a particular option. Let’s get into it
Cardtonic Vs Cleva Virtual Card: Head-to-Head
Let’s compare Cardtonic and Cleva based on value proposition, card creation and other fees, funding options, global acceptance, rating and social sentiment, and extra perks.
| S/No | Factor | Cardtonic | Cleva |
| 1. | Value Proposition | Affordable. High Reliability. Flexible funding. | Receive payment from abroad. |
| 2. | Card Creation and Other Fees | $1.5 Card Creation Fee. 2% Funding Fee | $3 Card Creation Fee. 1% Funding Fee |
| 3. | Funding Options | Bank Transfer; Gift Cards | Bank Transfer; Foreign Payment |
| 4. | Global Acceptance | Wider acceptance at global locations | Wide Acceptance |
| 5. | Rating and Social Sentiment | 43.6% Positive Sentiment. | 36.7% Positive Sentiment
|
| 6. | Extra Perks | Multi-purpose app | Sleek User Interface. Speedy Customer Support. |
1. Overview and Value Proposition
Cardtonic:
Nigeria’s premium gift card brand, Cardtonic, offers virtual cards so users can navigate international payment restrictions without stress. It’s the most flexible option around, letting you fund your wallet in Naira via bank transfer or gift cards.
Furthermore, Cardtonic’s conversion fees are also very competitive, whether you are converting from Naira to USD or vice versa. You are guaranteed to get the best value for your funds.
One thing that truly stands out is that Cardtonic isn’t a one-off provider; it’s a full-scale fintech solution. Within a single app, you can access virtual dollar cards and pay utility bills, trade gift cards, shop for gadgets, and even buy eSIMs.
But how do you set up a Cardtonic virtual card? Getting started is quite straightforward. You need to download the Cardtonic app, complete KYC, and then create a virtual card in-app and fund it.
Then head to your payment page, key in your card details, just as you would use a physical card, and boom! Your payment goes through instantly.
Cleva:
Cleva is a standard solution that lets you make and receive international payments in USD. You open a Cleva USD account, and you get a virtual card linked to your account. Well, it isn’t automatic; you need to create the card and pay the card creation fee.
Cleva is particularly well-suited for freelancers and offers an alternative to major payment platforms like PayPal. You can use Cleva to receive payment from major freelance sites like Fiverr and Upwork
Unlike Cardtonic, Cleva allows you to receive and make payments. It’s not either/or; it’s both.
Once the payment arrives in your USD account, you can convert and pay out in Naira. Otherwise, you can use them to fund your virtual cards so you can shop online and pay for digital subscriptions.
2. Card Creation and Other Fees
Cardtonic charges a low card creation fee of $1.5 for a regular card and $5 for the platinum version. Unlike the regular cards, the platinum cards offer extra flexibility. You can add them to your digital wallet, like Apple/Google Pay, to make quick payments from your device without ever needing a physical card.
Additionally, Cardtonic has no monthly or maintenance fees, so you’re never charged if your card goes unused. What’s more? Cardtonic’s funding fees are capped at 2% of the Naira value. And when you indeed make a transaction, you get charged just a fraction as transaction fees.
Lastly, the Cardtonic app is one of the few platforms where you can get the best exchange rates when converting between USD and Naira. The rates often match the prevailing market price.
On the flip side, Cleva offers a low-fee structure. For example, you get charged just $1 for up to $100; that is 1% funding fees, cheaper than most payment providers. Its card creation fee isn’t over the roof either. You get charged only $3, with $1 credited to your card balance and available for use.
But similar to Cardtonic, there are no card maintenance fees whatsoever. Cleva does not charge rent; you are free to use your card at any time and you only get charged when you do so.
3. Funding Options
Cardtonic offers the most seamless card funding options: You can fund your digital wallet in Naira via bank transfer or even gift cards. Once your wallet is funded, you can convert Naira to USD and top up your virtual dollar card. You can then pay or shop at your favorite global platforms like Amazon and Macy’s.
When it comes to Cleva, it’s a little different. You can fund your Cleva virtual card via a bank transfer from within or outside Nigeria. You always have decent options, like US wire, ACH, or even stablecoins, available for you to receive payment from abroad.
Stablecoin payments are available for remote workers whose clients pay in crypto. They are typically settled in less than 5 minutes and provide an effective way to fund your Cleva USD account.
4. Global Acceptance
The Cardtonic virtual card is a popular payment option supported at global merchants, particularly at vendors that accept Visa or Mastercard. That said, you can shop at eBay or Amazon and subscribe to ChatGPT, Google Cloud, and Workspace.
You also get to enjoy contactless payment. Another extra value added. You add your platinum virtual card to Apple or Google Pay and pay simply by tapping your device on supported payment terminals. That’s speed and convenience merged into one.
Other platforms where the Cardtonic virtual cards are accepted include Grammarly, Twitter Blue, Google Ads, YouTube Premium, Canva Pro, and Adobe Creative Cloud.
Comparatively, Cleva is accepted at global locations with the Visa or Mastercard logos. Like Cardtonic, you can shop at your favorite global e-commerce stores like Amazon or eBay. Additionally, you can use your Cleva virtual card to subscribe to Netflix or run Facebook or Google ads.
5. Rating and Social Sentiments
While both products are strong options for paying internationally, ratings on Google Play showed that Cardtonic has a 4.6-star rating out of 20k reviews. Cleva, on the other hand, has received 4.7 out of 5k reviews. However, you should keep in mind that Cardtonic has way more product offerings than Cleva.
Secondly, the Virtual Card in Nigeria Report indicates that Cardtonic is hugely more popular than its counterpart. It has a stronger total number of X mentions than Cleva: 278 total tweets, ahead of Cleva’s 49.
Social sentiment also favors Cardtonic over the Cleva virtual card. Cardtonic led with a positive score of 43.6%, ahead of Cleva’s 36.7%. Overall, Cardtonic is praised for its reliability in supporting Apple and Namecheap payments, while Cleva is recognized for its sleek user interface and speedy support.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cleva and Cardtonic Virtual Card
- Which Virtual Card is Best in Nigeria?
The best virtual card in Nigeria currently is Cardtonic due to its high reliability. Since its launch in 2024, it has continually enabled Nigerians to pay across popular global destinations without stress.
Besides, the Cardtonic virtual card is cost-effective and provides the strongest security and the most flexible funding options.
- Cardtonic vs. Cleva: Which is Cheaper?
Overall, Cardtonic is cheaper: In terms of card creation fees, Cardtonic charges $1.5 compared to Cleva’s $3. And as regards card funding fees, Cardtonic charges about 1.5% on Naira deposits, with a maximum of 2,000 Naira overall. Alternatively, Cleva charges only 1% for funding in USD.
- Can Funds be Added in Naira?
Yes, Cardtonic lets you fund your digital wallet directly in Naira via bank transfer or gift card sales. Alternatively, Cleva has also launched its Naira funding feature. With this, you can transfer from any local bank app and have your Cleva NGN account credited.
- Cardtonic vs. Cleva: What Should Nigerians Consider Before Choosing?
It is important to consider your use case before choosing between the Cardtonic and Cleva virtual cards. For example, if you want to receive funds from abroad, choose Cleva. If you wish to make a payment or subscribe to popular channels, then you can choose from either Cardtonic or Cleva. However, Cardtonic offers a full fintech package.
Other factors to consider before choosing a virtual card include fees and exchange rates. If you want lower fees or the best conversion rates, the Cardtonic virtual card is your best option.
- Can Cleva Receive Money from Abroad?
Yes, Cleva has a USD account feature that allows users to receive payments via US wire or ACH from global locations. Additionally, Cleva supports stablecoins, so you can also receive USDT and USDC from abroad directly to your USD wallet.
- How Long Does it Take to Receive Payment on Cleva?
It all depends on the payment option. General ACH payment takes 1–3 business days. While wire transfer from the US takes 1 to 2 days. Meanwhile, stablecoins take less than five minutes.
Conclusion
Cardtonic vs. Cleva: Which should you choose? Well, it all depends on your needs and preferences. Choose Cardtonic if you need an all-in-one app for fintech payments and gift card trading.
Then choose Cleva if you’re a remote worker looking for an alternative means to receive payment from abroad. They may not be as popular as their counterparts, but they do work.
Cardtonic clearly outperforms Cleva, as evidenced by its user feedback and statistics. It has way more users, the most flexible funding, and the cheapest fees, and it clearly supports a wider range of platforms than Cleva.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Coronation Merchant Bank has set its sights on attaining top-tier status among African banks, leveraging a decade of operations and Nigeria’s ongoing economic reforms to drive its next phase of growth across key sectors.
Speaking at the Chairman’s Dinner held to commemorate the bank’s 10th anniversary in Lagos, the chief executive of the lender, Mr Paul Abiagam, said the institution had successfully carved out a distinct niche in Nigeria’s highly competitive financial services market despite a decade defined by economic volatility, policy shifts and macroeconomic uncertainty.
“Over the last 10 years, we have found our own space in a very tight market and built credible footprints in the specific markets we chose to serve,” Mr Abiagam said.
Describing the bank’s journey as “valiant” amid the changing economic landscape, he said the anniversary represents both a moment of gratitude to the bank’s founder, shareholders, board and partners, and a recommitment to scale new heights in the decade ahead.
Mr Abiagam attributed the bank’s resilience and steady growth to strong shareholder and board support, as well as a clear and disciplined corporate strategy.
He noted that Coronation Merchant Bank’s focus on defined target markets had enabled it to expand its footprint across key sectors of the economy while maintaining operational clarity.
Looking ahead, the CEO said ongoing reforms and the Federal Government’s ambition to build a $1 trillion economy present significant opportunities for financial institutions with the right expertise and positioning.
He identified infrastructure, construction, real estate, oil and gas, and manufacturing as priority sectors where the bank is already aligning its strategy.
“Volatility often comes with opportunity, What we see clearly is opportunity, and our strategy is to ensure we are well positioned to take advantage of it.” Mr Abiagam said.
Among the bank’s notable milestones, Mr Abiagam highlighted its international credit ratings, placing Coronation among a small group of internationally rated merchant banks in Nigeria.
He also pointed to human capital as a core strength, describing the bank’s people and talent as its greatest asset.
In his remarks, the Chairman of Coronation Merchant Bank, Mr Babatunde Folawiyo, reflected on the challenges of operating in Nigeria’s banking sector over the past decade, noting that the true measure of success lies in an institution’s ability to grow through uncertainty and emerge stronger.
“Anyone who has operated in Nigeria’s banking space over the last 10 years knows how challenging it has been,” Mr Folawiyo said, citing policy changes, macroeconomic shifts and leadership transitions. “The real test is whether you can grow through those challenges—and we have.”
Mr Folawiyo said recent reforms have introduced greater certainty into the economy, particularly in the foreign exchange market, which is critical for business planning and sustainable growth. While acknowledging that the adjustment period has been difficult, he stressed that predictability, even at higher exchange rates, is far more beneficial than extreme volatility.
“No business thrives without some level of stability. What hurts the economy most is wild and sudden swings. Predictability allows businesses to plan, adjust and grow,” he said.
On the outlook for the sector, Mr Folawiyo said Nigeria remains significantly underbanked, creating room for diverse players within the financial system. While technology and fintechs are expanding access to financial services, he emphasized the enduring role of specialized institutions such as merchant banks in serving corporate and structured finance needs.
“A corporate client structuring commercial papers or complex funding solutions needs more than a fintech app. It needs a bespoke, one-stop financial partner. That is where merchant banks like ours play a critical role,” the Chairman said.
He added that Coronation Merchant Bank’s strategy is anchored on long-term economic fundamentals rather than political cycles, noting that the current policy direction of the Central Bank and the Federal Government, though initially painful, aligns with sound economic principles.
“These are textbook reforms. There is no gain without pain, and we are already beginning to see the gains, not just in the financial sector but across the broader economy,” he added.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian banks are expected to post stronger credit growth of up to 25 per cent in 2026 while retaining positive profitability, according to a new outlook by S&P Global Ratings.
In its Nigerian Banking Outlook 2026, S&P said improved lending to key sectors of the economy alongside resilient non-interest income would help banks absorb the impact of regulatory headwinds and easing interest rates.
The ratings agency projected credit growth of between 20 and 25 per cent in 2026, driven largely by increased investments in oil and gas, agriculture and manufacturing.
It added that the outlook for lending was supported by expectations of moderating inflation and gradual monetary easing, following recent interest rate cuts by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
“We expect credit growth of about 20-25 per cent supported by investments in the oil and gas, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors. Although interest rates have started to decrease, profitability should stay resilient in 2026, supported by growth in non-interest income (NII) and lower provisions.
“We expect Nigerian banks to prove resilient and capable of preserving their profitability in 2026,” S&P said, noting that earnings would be supported by transaction driven fees, commissions and a still elevated cost of risk, even as margins come under pressure.
The ratings agency noted further that it expects nominal lending growth to remain high at about 25 per cent, supported largely by investments in the oil and gas sector, agriculture and manufacturing.
S&P said Nigerian banks would continue to benefit from rates that remain high relative to peers, supporting net interest margins while interest rates are expected to decline further in 2026.
“Although interest rates have started to decline, we expect rates to remain high relative to peers, which will continue to support banks’ net interest margins through 2026.
“We forecast the average return on equity (ROE) will normalise at 20-23 per cent in 2026 compared to 25 per cent estimated for 2025, while return on assets will decline marginally to 3.0-3.1 per cent from an estimated 3.3 per cent in 2025. Profitability will be supported by still high interest margins, growing NII, and slightly lower provisions, while capital issuance will increase the equity base leading to a lower ROE.
“Although interest rates have started to decline, we expect rates to be high relative to peers, which will continue to support the banks’ net interest margins through 2026. We forecast an average margin drop of about 50bps to 100bps in 2026, as banks’ margins will continue to benefit from higher yields on government securities and large recourse to low-cost customer deposits.”
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