Banking
Fitch Affirms UBA at ‘B’ with Stable Outlook
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
Fitch Ratings has affirmed United Bank for Africa Plc’s (UBA) Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) at ‘B’. The Outlook is Stable. The bank’s Viability Rating (VR) has been affirmed at ‘b’ and its Support Rating at ‘5’. The National Ratings have also been affirmed. A full list of rating actions is at the end of this rating action commentary.
The bank’s IDRs are driven by its standalone creditworthiness, defined by the VR. The VR is constrained by Nigeria’s (B+/Negative) operating environment.
UBA is one of Nigeria’s largest banks, classified as domestically systemic by the regulator. It controls shares of loans and deposits in Nigeria of 7.5% and 9.5%, respectively. Its well-established franchise is a rating strength and internationalisation through expansion into 19 other sub-Saharan African countries adds to the franchise.
UBA’s earnings and profitability tend to be stable, which we view positively.
The bank reports a low impaired loans/gross loans ratio (around 4%), but loan loss cover at around 70% is on the low side compared with the average for large Nigerian banks (90%). UBA also has access to collateral. Corporate lending dominates the loan book, but much of it is collateralised. UBA’s exposure to the oil and gas sector represents 20% of total loans, lower than the 30% sector average but concentrations by single borrower can be high. This is particularly the case in some of the African subsidiaries.
UBA’s foreign currency liquidity position improved following the issue of a USD500 million senior medium-term bond on the international capital markets in June 2017. UBA’s local currency funding profile is a rating strength. The group is largely funded by historically stable deposits and UBA’s strategy is to continue to expand its low-cost retail deposit base. Retail deposits represent about a third of customer deposits, which is higher than average for rated peers. Local currency liquidity ratios are high.
UBA’s capital ratios are in line with other large Nigerian banks but the bank’s overall capitalisation still provides relatively narrow buffers and only limited loss-absorption capacity, in our view. This is because concentrations can be high, exposing the bank to the risk of unexpected losses.
UBA’s National Ratings reflect its creditworthiness relative to Nigeria’s best credit and to peers operating in Nigeria.
SUPPORT RATING AND SUPPORT RATING FLOOR
Fitch believes that sovereign support to Nigerian banks cannot be relied on given Nigeria’s weak ability to provide support, particularly in foreign currency. In addition, there are no clear messages from the authorities regarding their willingness to support the banking system. Therefore, the Support Rating Floor of all Nigerian banks is ‘No Floor’ and all Support Ratings are ‘5’. This reflects our view that senior creditors cannot rely on receiving full and timely extraordinary support from the Nigerian sovereign if any of the banks become non-viable.
SENIOR DEBT
Senior debt is rated at the same level as the bank’s Long-Term IDR because in our view, the likelihood of default on these notes reflects the likelihood of default of the bank. The Recovery Rating (RR) assigned to these notes is ‘RR4’, indicating average recovery prospects.
The bank’s IDRs, National Ratings and VR are primarily sensitive to either improvements or deterioration in asset quality and capital adequacy. Given the still fragile economy in Nigeria and credit weakness in many other sub-Saharan African countries, upgrade potential is considered limited at present.
The SR is potentially sensitive to any change in assumptions around the propensity or ability of the sovereign to provide timely support to the bank.
The senior debt is sensitive to a change in UBA’s Long-Term IDR.
The rating actions are as follows:
Long-Term IDR affirmed at ‘B’; Outlook Stable
Short-Term IDR affirmed at ‘B’
Viability Rating affirmed at ‘b’
National Long-Term Rating affirmed at A+(nga)’
Short-Term National Rating affirmed at ‘F1(nga)’
Support Rating affirmed at ‘5’
Support Rating Floor affirmed at ‘NF’
Long-term senior unsecured debt affirmed at ‘B’/RR4
Banking
Paystack Enters Banking Space With Ladder Microfinance Bank Acquisition
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian-born payments company, Paystack, has announced its entry into the banking sector with the launch of Paystack Microfinance Bank (Paystack MFB) after the acquisition of Ladder Microfinance Bank.
The bank continues Paystack’s push into consumer products and adds a banking layer to its business-focused payment product, coming ten years after the company was founded with the goal of simplifying payments for businesses using modern technology.
In Nigeria alone, the company says its systems process trillions of Naira every month, supporting more than 300,000 businesses and millions of customers. According to Paystack, this growth highlighted a broader need beyond payments, prompting the decision to build a more comprehensive financial offering.
Paystack MFB will begin lending to businesses before expanding to consumers. It will also offer banking-as-a-service (BaaS) products to companies building financial products and treasury management products.
The company explained that while payments are a critical part of the financial journey, businesses and individuals increasingly require a full financial operating system. This includes the ability to store money securely, move funds easily, gain clarity from financial data, and access tools that support long-term growth. Developers, Paystack added, also need reliable, secure, and compliant infrastructure to build new financial solutions efficiently.
To address these needs, Paystack said it has established Paystack Microfinance Bank as a separate and independent entity from Paystack Payments Limited.
The new microfinance bank operates with its own license, governance structure, and product roadmap, although it will work closely with its sister company.
“By adding Paystack MFB to our family of brands, we’re finding the right balance through combining the rapid innovation of a tech-first platform with the stability of traditional banking,” said Ms Amandine Lobelle, Paystack’s chief operating officer.
Last year, it launched its controversial consumer payments app Zap, and now it is taking a step further with the company securing regulatory backing to become a deposit-taking institution. According to a statement, the bank will be guided by the same principles that shaped Paystack’s early success, including reliability, simplicity, transparency, and trust.
Paystack MFB has begun operations with a small group of early members and plans a gradual rollout to more businesses and individuals. The company also announced the opening of a waitlist for interested users and confirmed it is recruiting a dedicated team to help build its long-term banking infrastructure.
Banking
N1.3bn Transfer Error: EFCC Recovers N802.4m from Customer for First Bank
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has helped First Bank of Nigeria to recover the sum of N802.4 million from a suspect, Mr Kingsley Eghosa Ojo, who unlawfully took possession of over N1.3 billion belonging to the bank.
The funds were handed over the financial institution by the Benin Zonal Directorate of the anti-money laundering agency on Monday, January 12, 2026, a statement on Tuesday confirmed.
First Bank approached the EFCC for the recovery of the money through a petition, claiming that the suspect received the money into his account after system glitches.
The commission in its investigation; discovered that the suspect, upon the receipt of the money, transferred a good measure of it to the bank accounts of his mother, Mrs Itohan Ojo and that of his sister, Ms Edith Okoro Osaretin, and committed part of the money to completion of his building project and the funding of a new flamboyant lifestyle.
With the recovery of the money from the identified bank accounts, the EFCC handed it over in drafts to First Bank.
While handing over the lender, the acting Director for the Directorate, Mr Sa’ad Hanafi Sa’ad, stressed his organisation would continue to discharge its mandate effectively in the overall interests of society.
“The EFCC Establishment Act empowers us to trace and recover proceeds of crime and restitute the victim. In this case, First Bank was the victim and that is exactly what we have done.
“We will continue to discharge our duties to ensure that fraudsters do not benefit from fraud and that economic and financial crimes are nipped in the bud,” he said.
In his response, the Business Manager for First Bank in Benin City, Mr Olalere Sunday Ajayi, who received the drafts on behalf of the bank, commended the EFCC for the swiftness and the professionalism it brought to bear in the handling of the matter and expressed the bank’s gratitude to the commission.
He described the EFCC as one of Nigeria’s most effective and reliable institutions.
Meanwhile, Mr Kingsley and all other suspects in the matter have been charged to court for stealing by the EFCC.
Banking
Why Technology-Enabled Banking is a Multiplier for Nigeria’s 2036 Goal
By Henry Obiekea
Nigeria is at a defining moment in 2026. After several years of bold macroeconomic adjustments, including foreign exchange unification and structural reforms, the country is moving from stabilization into expansion. With the Central Bank of Nigeria restoring confidence in the Naira and foreign reserves reaching a five-year high of over 45 billion dollars, the next phase of growth will be shaped by how effectively Nigerians can participate in the formal financial system.
Technology-enabled banking is playing a critical role in this transition. Commercial banks remain the backbone of the system, providing balance sheet strength, regulatory depth, and long-term capital essential for national development. Yet in a country of over 220 million people, physical access alone cannot deliver financial inclusion at scale.
Mobile-first and digitally delivered financial services are bridging this gap. By extending regulated banking beyond physical locations into everyday devices, licensed microfinance banks and other regulated institutions are bringing millions of Nigerians into the formal economy. This approach helped push formal financial inclusion to over 64 percent in 2025, ensuring the last mile is no longer excluded.
Achieving the Federal Government’s target of a one trillion dollar GDP by 2036 requires efficient capital flow. In the first quarter of 2025 alone, Nigeria recorded over 295 trillion naira in electronic payment transactions. Faster, secure financial infrastructure supports modern commerce, strengthens trade, and improves overall economic productivity.
Micro, small, and medium-scale enterprises, which contribute nearly 48 percent of GDP, are central to this growth. Technology-driven banking models are helping to close long-standing credit gaps. By responsibly using alternative data to assess risk, small-ticket working capital loans provide the “pocket capital” businesses need to grow. This builds a pipeline of enterprises that can mature into larger corporate clients within the broader banking ecosystem.
Digitally delivered financial services also strengthen public revenue mobilisation. Increased transaction transparency supports a broader tax net and contributes directly to government revenues through stamp duty, reinforcing fiscal sustainability.
This evolution is supported by a maturing regulatory environment. The Central Bank of Nigeria’s Open Banking framework, rolling out in phases from early 2026, ensures that all regulated institutions operate under consistent oversight. Secure data sharing standards mean customers’ financial histories can move with them across institutions, strengthening trust and accountability.
At FairMoney Microfinance Bank, we see this framework as a social contract. Knowing that deposits are protected by NDIC insurance and supported by clear dispute resolution mechanisms gives customers the confidence to participate actively in the economy.
The future of Nigerian banking is defined by structural harmony. Traditional banks provide depth and stability, while technology-enabled institutions provide reach, speed, and accessibility. Together, they turn financial access into economic resilience.
By working in alignment, we can ensure every Nigerian, from the Lagos professional to the rural trader, is equipped to contribute meaningfully to our shared one trillion dollar future.
Henry Obiekea is the Managing Director of FairMoney Microfinance Bank
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