Economy
Nigeria Lost $1.4bn to FX Ban on 43 Items in Four Years—Cardoso
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Mr Olayemi Cardoso, has admitted that the country recorded a revenue drop of $1.4 billion between 2015 and 2019 after imposing foreign exchange (FX) restrictions for import of 43 items over eight years.
The apex bank governor made this known on Friday while delivering his keynote address at the 58th Annual Dinner of the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN) in Lagos.
The apex bank head, during the preparation of his monetary policy thrust, cited available data saying, “Studies have shown that during the period when the 43 items were restricted, there was a 51.0 per cent increase in trade evasion by importers accessing the foreign exchange market, resulting in a revenue drop of approximately $1.4 billion or $275 million annually, between 2015 and 2019.”
One of his early moves after his appointment was the restoration of the 43 items prohibited from access to the foreign exchange (FX) window in 2015, under the administration of his predecessor, Mr Godwin Emefiele following the directive of former President Muhammadu Buhari.
The decision came about eight years after the bank on 23 June 2015 restricted those who deal in the items from accessing forex at the authorised FX window.
Speaking on the 43 items on Friday, Mr Cardoso emphasised that the items were never banned by the government but that the CBN only imposed restrictions on access to foreign exchange in the official market.
He said the aim of the policy at the time was to reduce pressure on the demand for dollars for importation and to encourage local production of these items.
Some of the affected items included rice, cement, margarine, palm kernel, palm oil products, vegetable oils, meat and processed meat products, vegetables and processed vegetable products, poultry, tomatoes/tomato paste, soap and cosmetics, and clothes.
Other items included private aeroplanes/jets, Indian incense, tinned fish in sauce, cold rolled steel sheets, galvanised steel sheets, roofing sheets, wheelbarrows, head pans, metal boxes/containers, enamelware, steel drums and pipes, wire mesh, steel nails, wood particle boards, and panels.
Also affected were security and razor wire, wood particle and fibre boards and panels, wooden doors, furniture, toothpicks, glass/glassware, kitchen utensils, tableware, tiles (vitrified, ceramics), textiles, wooden fabrics, plastic/rubber products, polypropylene granules, and cellophane wrappers.
Subsequently, amidst efforts to achieve its backward integration policy on key items, the CBN added fertiliser and maize to the list of items.
The policy drove importers to source forex in the parallel market for transactions, resulting in additional pressure and demand for FX at the unauthorised window.
Within the period, prices of the food commodities among the restricted items, which are major staple foods among Nigerians, skyrocketed by over 100 per cent.
The upward trend in the prices of commodities has had a negative impact on the purchasing power of many citizens.
However, he said the move resulted in increased demand for foreign exchange in the parallel market, leading to the depreciation of the exchange rate in that segment of the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM) and widening the premium between the parallel and official market.
As a result of this, the CBN governor said revenue from tariffs on goods decreased from a high of approximately $920 million in 2011 to about $250 million in 2017.
“In 2019, the actual tariff on goods stood at $320 million, but counterfactual evidence suggests that as much as $680 million could have been earned in the same year,” he said.
Mr Cardoso said evidence has shown that foreign exchange restrictions had an adverse impact on Nigerian households and contributed to inflationary pressures.
He noted that the reduction in trade restrictions and levies on rice, sugar, and wheat by 50.0 per cent had only a minimal impact on welfare, with a 0.8 per cent improvement, and a mere 0.4 per cent reduction in extreme poverty.
The CBN boss said the benefits of trade gains for the general population were negligible, as the average industry in Nigeria pays 13.7 per cent more for its inputs.
“Lastly, it is important to note that trade policy is primarily the responsibility of the fiscal authorities, and delving into such matters falls outside the purview of the CBN,” he said.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigeria’s economic growth rate eased in the first quarter of 2026 to 3.89 per cent year-on-year, as a slowdown in the oil sector offset gains recorded in the non-oil sector.
The economy, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), slowed in the first three months of this year from the 4.07 per cent recorded in the previous quarter (Q4 2025), according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Monday. However, it was higher than the 3.13 per cent recorded in the first quarter of 2025.
In the first quarter of 2026, Nigeria recorded an average daily oil production of 1.55 million barrels per day, lower than 1.62 million barrels per day in the same quarter of 2025 and lower than the 1.58 million barrels per day in the fourth quarter of 2025.
The real growth of the oil sector was 2.57 (year-on-year) in Q1 2026, indicating an increase of 0.70 per cent compared with the 1.87 per cent in the corresponding quarter of 2025.
However, growth decreased by 4.22 per cent compared to 6.79 per cent in Q4 2025, and on a quarter-on-quarter basis, the oil sector recorded a growth rate of 9.31 per cent.
For the non-oil sector, it contributed 96.08 per cent to the nation’s GDP between January and March 2026, versus 96.03 per cent in the same period of last year and lower than 97.13 per cent in the fourth quarter of last year.
During the quarter under review, agriculture grew by 3.15 per cent. The growth of the industry sector stood at 3.50 per cent versus 3.42 per cent in the first quarter of last year, while the services sector recorded a growth of 4.31 per cent, in contrast to 4.33 per cent in the same quarter of 2025.
In terms of share of the GDP, the services sector contributed 57.73 per cent compared to 57.50 per cent in the first quarter of 2025.
In the quarter under review, aggregate GDP at basic price stood at N110.79 trillion in nominal terms, higher than N94.1 trillion in the first quarter of 2025 by 17.79 per cent.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE) has warned that Nigeria must not forgo its commitment to boosting domestic refining capacity amid growing advocacy for the importation of petroleum products.
In a statement, the centre explained that Nigeria must, therefore, avoid drifting into a policy regime that undermines domestic production in the name of competition or liberalisation.
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the think tank, Mr Muda Yusuf, in a press release, warned that Nigeria is signalling to investors what happens if a multi-billion-dollar Dangote refinery investment of continental significance is confronted with regulatory uncertainty and policy headwinds.
The development comes as the management of the refinery has approached the court to battle against regulators, including the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), over their decision to allow importation.
The dispute stems from a lawsuit filed by Dangote Refinery against the Attorney-General of the Federation, Mr Lateef Fagbemi, over fuel import licences granted to six marketers and the state oil company. The case has since widened the debate around local refining, market competition and the future direction of Nigeria’s downstream petroleum industry.
According to the centre, the increased call speaks to the very architecture of Nigeria’s economic philosophy, the future of industrialisation, the resilience of the macroeconomy and, ultimately, the preservation of the country’s economic sovereignty.
“No nation has ever imported its way to industrial greatness. Prosperous economies are built on production, refining, manufacturing, value addition and the strengthening of domestic productive capacity.
“Countries that become excessively dependent on imports inevitably export jobs, weaken domestic industries, erode local investments and mortgage their economic sovereignty.
“Nigeria must therefore avoid drifting into a policy regime that undermines domestic production in the name of competition or liberalisation,“ Mr Yusuf noted.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Airtel Africa has launched a share buyback programme worth up to $110 million, signalling confidence in its strong balance sheet and financial flexibility as the telco seeks to return value to shareholders.
The company disclosed in a notice filed on the portal of the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited that the programme would involve the repurchase of up to 1 per cent of its issued share capital as part of its capital allocation policy.
The telco further stated that all shares repurchased under the programme would be cancelled as the sole purpose of the exercise is to reduce the company’s capital base.
“The sole purpose of the buyback programme is to reduce the capital of the company. As such, all shares purchased under the buyback programme will be cancelled,” the notice stated.
According to the organisation, the initiative reflects the board’s confidence in the group’s financial position and its ability to continue investing across its African operations while rewarding shareholders.
“The board’s decision reflects the continued strength of the Group’s balance sheet and its ability to preserve financial flexibility while supporting ongoing investment to capitalise on the compelling growth outlook across the Group’s footprint,” the notice stated.
Airtel Africa said it had entered into an agreement with Barclays Capital Securities Limited to execute the programme through on-market purchases of its ordinary shares, which would subsequently be acquired by the company. The agreement, according to the notice, consists of two parallel elements.
Under the non-discretionary arrangement, Barclays will independently purchase between $50 million and $60 million worth of ordinary shares without influence from the company.
The second component is a discretionary arrangement under which Airtel Africa may instruct Barclays to purchase up to an additional $50 million worth of shares, subject to the provisions of the Market Abuse Regulation.
The programme commenced on May 22, 2026, and is expected to run until no later than November 27, 2026, unless terminated earlier in line with the terms of the agreement.
Airtel Africa said further tranches of the programme could be announced later to enable it fulfil its objective of repurchasing up to one per cent of its issued share capital as at the date of the announcement.
The telecommunications company also explained that the purchases would be carried out in line with shareholder approvals, UK listing regulations and market abuse rules. It noted that shareholders had earlier granted the company authority at its annual general meeting held on July 9, 2025, to repurchase a maximum of 366.07 million ordinary shares.
Following the completion of an earlier buyback programme, Airtel Africa said the remaining authority available for repurchases currently stands at 357.04 million ordinary shares.
The company further disclosed that Barclays may continue executing the discretionary portion of the buyback autonomously during closed periods under irrevocable and non-discretionary instructions permitted by regulation.
The new buyback announcement comes weeks after Airtel Africa reported strong financial and operational performance for the year ended March 31, 2026 (Q1), supported by growth in data usage, mobile money services and improved profitability across its markets.
According to its audited financial statement, the group recorded a 29.5 per cent increase in revenue to $6.42 billion from $4.96 billion in the previous year, while profit after tax (PAT) rose by 147.4 per cent to $813 million from $328 million.
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