Economy
Why the Nigerian Economy Requires Immediate Reforms
Not too long ago, Bola Ahmed Tinubu won the presidential election. He will take over the presidency of Nigeria in May 2023 and will have the difficult challenge of reviving the weak Nigerian economy by implementing many crucial changes.
GDP Growth Rate
The National Bureau of Statistics’ latest data on Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) shows a decrease in the annual GDP growth rate to 3.10% in 2022, compared to 3.40% in 2021. However, in the 4th quarter of 2022, the economy grew by 3.52%, in contrast to the 2.25% in the previous quarter.
Non-oil sectors were responsible for most of the growth. More precisely, 95.66%, while Nigeria’s oil sector contributed 4.34%. Daily oil production increased to 1.34 million barrels per day in Q4, up from the previous quarter’s 1.20 million barrels. However, it is still lower than the 1.50 million barrels per day recorded in the same quarter of 2021.
The services sector was also one of the main reasons for growth, contributing 56.27% to the GDP in the 4th quarter of the year.
Furthermore, the information and communication sector also played a significant role. It caused a 16.22% growth in the 4th quarter, compared to 15.35% in the 3rd quarter and 15.21% in the 4th quarter of 2021.
Another sector that helped with the GDP growth was the trade sector. It added 13.20% to the GDP in Q4, higher than the 12.45% in Q3. Although the sectors mentioned above had a positive effect on the GDP, there are still some sectors that lowered it.
Agriculture’s contribution to the GDP in the 4th quarter was 24.90%, a bit lower than the previous quarter’s 27.55%. Severe flooding across the country significantly set back agriculture, causing the sector to record a 0.94% decrease.
Manufacturing’s contribution to real GDP in 2022 was 8.40%, lower than 15% in 2021. So, the new president can work on expanding labour productivity through education to improve the country’s GDP.
Socio-Economic Issues
Mrs Zainab Ahmed, the Minister of Finance, Budget, and National Planning, mainly worries about the government’s ability to fund important programs due to low tax compliance among Nigerians. In the past, citizens paid taxes, but this changed since Nigeria became an oil-based economy. But, perhaps quite surprisingly, Nigeria’s gambling industry could provide a good source of revenue as it is relatively advanced compared to other African countries.
In general, governments tax the gambling industry to generate revenue, which also applies to Nigeria. However, with the online gambling world remaining largely unregulated in Nigeria (as well as in the vast majority of African countries), Nigeria is missing out on a significant potential source of income, not to mention that Nigerian citizens gambling online remain primarily unprotected due to the lack of regulation in the country.
With no deposit bonuses and other enticing offers brought about by the rise of online gambling attracting more and more players each year, it’s crucial to address the problem of the lack of legislation in this sector – for both players’ and the country’s sake.
And although tax collection has increased significantly from N6 trillion in 2021 to N10 trillion in 2022, the government still needs to address the growing expenditure that outpaces revenue growth by almost double annually.
Improving the Transmission Infrastructure
Power transmission is a huge issue for Nigerian citizens. Despite installing almost 13 GW of grid power-producing capacity, only an average of 3.4 GW reaches customers.
According to Prof. Kingsley Moghalu, the next government must increase revenue and address waste and corruption in governance by bringing in competent professionals to manage the economy. In addition, the new president must take direct ownership and leadership of the power sector, and mandate key players, to enhance transmission infrastructure.
The CEO of Proton Energy, Mr Oti Ikomi, emphasizes the need for a single individual who is accountable and takes instructions from the president, who must take ownership and not just hold a titular position. This individual must have technical, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities and meet regularly with the president.
He cited the example of Egypt, where the President had weekly meetings, which improved the transmission infrastructure. He added that Siemens Energy, a giant global energy corporation, is willing to work with Nigeria, but the country must also be ready to expedite things.
Domestic Debts
Dr Baba Musa, the Director-General of the West African Institute for Financial and Economic Management, finds Nigeria’s large debt a major challenge. He highlights the need to remove fuel subsidies and increase revenue through innovative means, such as cancelling tax relief.
Dr Musa also emphasizes the importance of spending only on essential items until revenue improves. He calls for coordination between the fiscal and monetary authorities and suggests evaluating the quality of fiscal spending.
In contrast, Mrs Zainab Ahmed states that the main issue with the Nigerian economy is the lack of ability to generate sufficient revenue rather than the current debt situation. Therefore, domestic revenue needs to be increased to reduce reliance on borrowing.
All in all, the new Nigerian president, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, must tackle the various economic challenges by implementing critical reforms that will ensure sustainable recovery.
The president must prioritize fiscal management, establish a unified and stable market-based exchange rate, and put an end to fuel subsidies. These measures are necessary to navigate the country toward economic prosperity.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange appreciated by 0.96 per cent on Tuesday, February 3, boosting the Unlisted Security Index (NSI) by 34.54 points to 3,641.30 points from the 3,606.76 points it ended a day earlier.
Equally, the market capitalisation of the trading platform was up during the session by N20.67 billion to end N2.178 trillion from the N2.158 trillion it ended on Monday.
The expansion witnessed by the OTC securities exchange yesterday was buoyed by the gains printed by four stocks on the bourse, with Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc up by N4.00 to sell at N44.00 per unit versus the previous day’s N40.00 per unit.
Further, Air Liquide Plc increased by N1.86 to end at N20.49 per share compared with Monday’s closing price of N18.63 per share, Afriland Properties Plc appreciated by 35 Kobo to N14.00 per unit from N3.65 per unit, and UBN Property Plc added 1 Kobo to settle at N2.20 per share, in contrast to the preceding day’s N2.21 per share.
On the flip side, there were two price losers led by FrieslandCampinaWamco Nigeria Plc, which shed 4 Kobo to close at N63.50 per unit compared with the previous day’s N63.54 per unit, and Geo-Fluids Plc lost 3 Kobo to finish at N6.81 per share compared with the N6.84 per share it traded in the preceding session.
Data showed that the volume of securities bought and sold by investors grew by 82.5 per cent to 7.0 million units from 3.9 million units, and the value of securities jumped by 5.2 per cent to N37.9 million from N36.0 million, while the number of deals decreased by 15 per cent to 34 deals from 40 deals.
CSCS Plc remained the most active stock by value (year-to-date) with 15.9 million units sold for N649.0 million, the second spot was taken by FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc with 1.7 million units worth N110.9 million, while the third position was occupied by Geo-Fluids Plc with the sale of 11.1 million units for N73.1 million.
The most traded stock by volume (year-to-date) was still CSCS Plc with 15.9 million units exchanged for N649.0 million, followed by Mass Telecom Innovation Plc with 12.7 million units sold for N5.1 million, and Geo-Fluids Plc with 11.1 million units traded for N73.1 million.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira firmed up against the US Dollar in the various segments of the foreign exchange (FX) market on Tuesday, February 3, 2026, on the back of improved forex liquidity.
In the black market window, the local currency improved its value against the Dollar during the session by N10 to sell for N1,455/$1 compared with the previous day’s rate of N1,465/$1, and at the GTBank FX counter, it gained N33 gain to close at N1,386/$1 versus Monday’s closing value of N1,419/$1.
In the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM), the domestic currency appreciated against the greenback by N17.45 to trade at N1,372.91/$1, in contrast to the preceding session’s N1,390.36/$1.
In the same vein, the Nigerian currency chalked up N21.92 against the Pound Sterling yesterday in the official market to quote at N1,877.59/£1 compared with the N1,899.51/£1 it was exchanged a day earlier, and gained N24.76 against the Euro to settle at N1,619.76/€1 versus N1,644.52/€1.
The appreciation seen indicates that available supply is mopping up demand even without any intervention from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in recent weeks, showing that market-driven currency framework is driving a stronger Naira.
Enhanced price discovery following plans by the apex bank to undertake a comprehensive revamp of the FX manual is acting as a pillar of support.
At a recent forum, the Deputy Governor, Economic Policy, CBN, Mr Muhammad Sani Abdullahi, disclosed that the bank was revamping the manual, a key regulatory document used by banks for export proceeds and other foreign trade-related transactions.
According to him, the document was already undergoing significant reforms aimed at aligning market operations with current economic realities.
Mr Abdullahi explained that the revised manual would introduce clearer rules, stronger oversight and improved processes to support transparency and efficiency in the FX market.
He said the reforms are expected to close loopholes, reduce uncertainty for market participants, and support a more orderly functioning of the foreign exchange system.
Also, Nigeria’s external reserves, which provide the CBN with the capacity to support the Naira, have continued to rise, reaching $46.59 billion as of 2 February 2026, according to CBN data.
In the cryptocurrency market, most prices still remained down as sentiment among short-term traders remaining cautious after thin liquidity and heavy liquidations pushed prices sharply lower.
Global crypto investment products saw $1.7 billion in outflows last week, marking the second consecutive week of heavy redemptions, with Solana (SOL) down by 5.2 per cent to $98.41.
Further, Bitcoin (BTC) depreciated by 2.4 per cent to $76,638.44, Binance Coin (BNB) slumped by 2.0 per cent to $761.78, Ethereum (ETH) dropped by 1.9 per cent to $2,277.16, Ripple (XRP) declined by 0.6 per cent to $1.60, and the US Dollar Tether (USDT) lost 0.1 per cent to sell at $0.9985.
However, Dogecoin (DOGE) improved by 1.7 per cent to $0.1084, Cardano (ADA) expanded by 1.2 per cent to $0.2868, and Litecoin (LTC) increased by 0.9 per cent to $60.63, while the US Dollar Coin (USDC) remained unchanged at $1.00 apiece.
By Dipo Olowookere
A 0.31 per cent gain was recorded by the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited on Tuesday, helped by renewed bargain-hunting by investors, with the year-to-date return extending to 6.61 per cent.
It was observed that the growth achieved by Customs Street yesterday was supported by the banking and the industrial goods indices, which went up by 1.32 per cent and 0.69 per cent apiece.
They offset the losses recorded by the three other sectors, with the insurance counter down by 1.32 per cent, the consumer goods segment down by 0.23 per cent, and the energy space down by 0.17 per cent.
At the close of business, the All-Share Index (ASI) increased by 516.94 points to 165,901.57 points from 165,384.63 points and the market capitalization appreciated by N333 billion to N106.495 trillion from N106.162 trillion.
The market breadth index was positive yesterday after the bourse ended with 35 price gainers and 34 price losers, representing bullish investor sentiment.
The quartet of Industrial and Medical Gases (IMG), Union Dicon, Zichis, and Austin Laz chalked up 10.00 per cent each to sell for N34.65, N9.90, N5.06, and N4.07, respectively, while RT Briscoe appreciated by 9.95 per cent to N9.50.
On the flip side, Omatek lost 10.00 per cent to trade at N2.43, Cutix also fell by 10.00 per cent to N3.15, Union Homes shrank by 9.95 per cent to N76.90, Sunu Assurances declined by 9.94 per cent to N4.62, and Deap Capital crashed by 9.93 per cent to N7.62.
During the trading day, 736.4 million stocks worth N24.7 billion exchanged hands in 46,026 deals compared with the 762.8 million stocks valued at N18.4 billion traded in 55,374 deals a day earlier, indicating a rise in the trading value by 34.24 per cent, and a slip in the trading volume and number of deals by 3.46 per cent and 16.88 per cent apiece.
The activity chart was led by volume on the second trading session of the week by GTCO with 65.9 million equities valued at N6.5 billion, Chams transacted 55.7 million shares worth N249.8 million, Custodian Investment traded 49.8 million stocks for N2.2 billion, Universal Insurance sold 36.1 million equities valued at N51.5 million, and Zenith Bank exchanged 35.4 million shares worth N2.6 billion.
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