Economy
Why the Nigerian Economy Requires Immediate Reforms
Not too long ago, Bola Ahmed Tinubu won the presidential election. He will take over the presidency of Nigeria in May 2023 and will have the difficult challenge of reviving the weak Nigerian economy by implementing many crucial changes.
GDP Growth Rate
The National Bureau of Statistics’ latest data on Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) shows a decrease in the annual GDP growth rate to 3.10% in 2022, compared to 3.40% in 2021. However, in the 4th quarter of 2022, the economy grew by 3.52%, in contrast to the 2.25% in the previous quarter.
Non-oil sectors were responsible for most of the growth. More precisely, 95.66%, while Nigeria’s oil sector contributed 4.34%. Daily oil production increased to 1.34 million barrels per day in Q4, up from the previous quarter’s 1.20 million barrels. However, it is still lower than the 1.50 million barrels per day recorded in the same quarter of 2021.
The services sector was also one of the main reasons for growth, contributing 56.27% to the GDP in the 4th quarter of the year.
Furthermore, the information and communication sector also played a significant role. It caused a 16.22% growth in the 4th quarter, compared to 15.35% in the 3rd quarter and 15.21% in the 4th quarter of 2021.
Another sector that helped with the GDP growth was the trade sector. It added 13.20% to the GDP in Q4, higher than the 12.45% in Q3. Although the sectors mentioned above had a positive effect on the GDP, there are still some sectors that lowered it.
Agriculture’s contribution to the GDP in the 4th quarter was 24.90%, a bit lower than the previous quarter’s 27.55%. Severe flooding across the country significantly set back agriculture, causing the sector to record a 0.94% decrease.
Manufacturing’s contribution to real GDP in 2022 was 8.40%, lower than 15% in 2021. So, the new president can work on expanding labour productivity through education to improve the country’s GDP.
Socio-Economic Issues
Mrs Zainab Ahmed, the Minister of Finance, Budget, and National Planning, mainly worries about the government’s ability to fund important programs due to low tax compliance among Nigerians. In the past, citizens paid taxes, but this changed since Nigeria became an oil-based economy. But, perhaps quite surprisingly, Nigeria’s gambling industry could provide a good source of revenue as it is relatively advanced compared to other African countries.
In general, governments tax the gambling industry to generate revenue, which also applies to Nigeria. However, with the online gambling world remaining largely unregulated in Nigeria (as well as in the vast majority of African countries), Nigeria is missing out on a significant potential source of income, not to mention that Nigerian citizens gambling online remain primarily unprotected due to the lack of regulation in the country.
With no deposit bonuses and other enticing offers brought about by the rise of online gambling attracting more and more players each year, it’s crucial to address the problem of the lack of legislation in this sector – for both players’ and the country’s sake.
And although tax collection has increased significantly from N6 trillion in 2021 to N10 trillion in 2022, the government still needs to address the growing expenditure that outpaces revenue growth by almost double annually.
Improving the Transmission Infrastructure
Power transmission is a huge issue for Nigerian citizens. Despite installing almost 13 GW of grid power-producing capacity, only an average of 3.4 GW reaches customers.
According to Prof. Kingsley Moghalu, the next government must increase revenue and address waste and corruption in governance by bringing in competent professionals to manage the economy. In addition, the new president must take direct ownership and leadership of the power sector, and mandate key players, to enhance transmission infrastructure.
The CEO of Proton Energy, Mr Oti Ikomi, emphasizes the need for a single individual who is accountable and takes instructions from the president, who must take ownership and not just hold a titular position. This individual must have technical, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities and meet regularly with the president.
He cited the example of Egypt, where the President had weekly meetings, which improved the transmission infrastructure. He added that Siemens Energy, a giant global energy corporation, is willing to work with Nigeria, but the country must also be ready to expedite things.
Domestic Debts
Dr Baba Musa, the Director-General of the West African Institute for Financial and Economic Management, finds Nigeria’s large debt a major challenge. He highlights the need to remove fuel subsidies and increase revenue through innovative means, such as cancelling tax relief.
Dr Musa also emphasizes the importance of spending only on essential items until revenue improves. He calls for coordination between the fiscal and monetary authorities and suggests evaluating the quality of fiscal spending.
In contrast, Mrs Zainab Ahmed states that the main issue with the Nigerian economy is the lack of ability to generate sufficient revenue rather than the current debt situation. Therefore, domestic revenue needs to be increased to reduce reliance on borrowing.
All in all, the new Nigerian president, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, must tackle the various economic challenges by implementing critical reforms that will ensure sustainable recovery.
The president must prioritize fiscal management, establish a unified and stable market-based exchange rate, and put an end to fuel subsidies. These measures are necessary to navigate the country toward economic prosperity.
By Dipo Olowookere
The level of activity at the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) shrank last week after a turnover of 4.373 billion shares worth N97.783 billion in 110,736 deals compared with the 6.617 billion shares worth N113.224 billion executed in 109,590 deals in the preceding week.
It was observed that the financial services industry led the activity chart by volume with 2.252 billion units sold for N47.204 billion in 44,808 deals, contributing 51.49 per cent and 48.27 per cent to the total trading volume and value, respectively.
The ICT sector traded 1.118 billion equities worth N13.148 billion in 10,413 deals, and the energy segment exchanged 233.891 million stocks valued at N4.726 billion in 7,515 deals.
eTranzact, Access Holdings, and FCMB accounted for 1.921 billion shares worth N22.218 billion in 9,558 deals, contributing 43.93 per cent and 22.72 per cent to the total trading volume and value apiece.
The best-performing equity was Morison Industries with a price appreciation of 32.49 per cent to sell for N4.69, Mecure Industries expanded by 27.35 per cent to N37.95, Japaul gained 26.27 per cent to finish at N2.66, Sovereign Trust Insurance improved by 17.24 per cent to N3.40, and PZ Cussons chalked up 16.19 per cent to settle at N47.00.
On the flip side, Eterna lost 14.93 per cent to quote at N30.20, UAC Nigeria declined by 14.26 per cent to N83.00, eTranzact shed 10.00 per cent to end at N12.60, Transcorp Hotels depreciated by 9.95 per cent to N155.60, and Chellarams crumbled by 9.90 per cent to N13.20.
In the five-day trading week, 49 equities appreciated versus 55 equities a week earlier, 41 shares depreciated versus 29 share in the previous week, and 57 stocks closed flat versus 63 stocks in the preceding week.
At the close of business for the week last Friday, the All-Share Index (ASI) was up by 1.63 per cent to 149,433.26 points and the market capitalisation rose by 1.64 per cent to N95.264 trillion.
In the same vein, all other indices finished higher apart from the banking, AFR Div. Yield, MERI Growth, MERI Value, energy, sovereign bond, and commodity indices, which depreciated by 0.12 per cent, 0.75 per cent, 1.07 per cent, 0.27 per cent, 0.13 per cent, 2.02 per cent, and 0.49 per cent, respectively.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) has issued a statement providing further clarifications following comments and reports on the recent memorandum of understanding between Nigeria and France on taxation.
The MoU, signed on December 10, 2025, at the French Embassy in Abuja by the chairman of FIRS, Mr Zacch Adedeji and French Ambassador, Mr Marc Fonbaustier, on behalf of France’s Direction Générale des Finances Publiques (DGFiP), focuses on key areas, including digital transformation, workforce development, information exchange, transfer pricing, and tackling base erosion and profit shifting.
However, the MoU has been met with resistance from opposition coalition party African Democratic Congress (ADC) as well as Northern elders, which both raised serious questions about transparency, national sovereignty and the safety of Nigerian consumers’ data.
In response, the tax authority, which will become known as Nigerian Revenue Service (NRS) from next year, emphasised that the deal does not grant France access to Nigerian taxpayer data, digital systems, or any element of the country’s operational infrastructure.
“All existing Nigerian laws on data protection, cybersecurity, and sovereignty remain fully applicable and strictly enforced. The NRS, like its predecessor, FIRS, places the highest premium on national security and maintains rigorous standards for the protection of all taxpayer information.”
It said similar MoUs are signed by tax administrations around the world to promote collaboration, knowledge sharing, and the adoption of global best practices.
“The DGFIP is among the world’s most advanced tax authorities, with over a century of institutional experience and deep expertise in digital transformation, taxpayer services, governance, and public finance.
“This partnership simply enables Nigeria to learn from that experience. It is advisory, non-intrusive, and entirely under Nigeria’s control.
“Contrary to misconceptions, the MoU does not displace local technology providers, FIRS and the emerging Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS) continue to work closely with Nigerian innovators such as NIBSS, Interswitch, Paystack, and Flutterwave. The MoU does not include the provision of technical services; it is limited to knowledge sharing, institutional strengthening, workforce development, policy support, and best-practice guidance.
“We welcome robust public engagement on tax reforms, but such conversations must reflect the actual content and purpose of the agreement. Rather than undermining Nigeria’s sovereignty, this MoU strengthens it by helping to build a modern, capable, globally competitive tax administration one firmly in command of its systems, data, and strategic direction.
“FIRS remains committed to transparency, professionalism and partnership that advance Nigeria’s long-term economic development,” it said in a statement.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) has issued permits to 28 companies under Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialisation Programme (NGFCP), a scheme that aims to end routine gas flaring to cut carbon emissions and use some of the gas to generate power.
Gas flaring is the controlled burning of natural gas that is released during oil extraction. The initiative marks a major step toward ending flaring and monetising wasted gas.
The projects could capture 250 to 300 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) of gas currently flared, cut about 6 million tonnes of CO₂ annually, and unlock nearly 3 gigawatts of power generation potential, an NGFCP document showed.
Nigeria expects the initiative to attract up to $2 billion in investment and create more than 100,000 jobs. It could also produce 170,000 metric tonnes of LPG annually, providing clean cooking access for 1.4 million households.
The permits follow a competitive bid round that awarded 49 flare sites to 42 bidders after the programme was restructured post-COVID-19 and the Petroleum Industry Act.
Speaking on this, Mr Gbenga Komolafe, head of the NUPRC, during the presentation of the certificates to the 28 companies said, “The NGFCP is a pillar in our quest to eliminate routine flaring, reduce emissions, and enhance Nigeria’s global credibility in energy transition commitments.”
The programme aligns with Nigeria’s Energy Transition Plan and aims to turn flare gas from an environmental liability into an economic asset.
The 28 companies have signed key agreements, including Connection, Milestone Development and Gas Sales Agreements, and now qualify for permits to access flare gas.
Producers will benefit from reduced liabilities, improved Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and alignment with the government’s decarbonisation agenda.
Development partners, including Power Africa, KPMG, World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction initiative, USAID and financiers, have supported the programme with technical and commercial frameworks.
Mr Komolafe said while the permits mark a milestone, engineering, construction and financing must begin in earnest.
“The real work starts now,” the official added. “This programme will create economic, industrial and environmental value while strengthening Nigeria’s energy transition.”
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