Economy
The World’s Top 10 Economies

The inequitable distribution of income is present at the global level where the nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of the top 10 economies adds up to over 66% of the world’s economy, and the top 15 economies add up to over 75%. The remaining 172 countries constitute only 25% of the world’s economy.
Here’s the list of the top 10 economies based on the criteria of GDP, current prices (US dollars) which is simply known as nominal GDP. The rankings differ if the same list is prepared using the GDP based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP).
As a general rule, developed countries have a smaller gap between their nominal GDP (i.e., current prices) and GDP based on PPP.
The difference is greater in developing countries, which tend to have a higher GDP when valued on purchasing-power-parity basis. This list is based on IMF data, which is updated twice annually.
This list was compiled by Investopedia and last updated on July 18, 2016.
- United States
The U.S. economy is the largest in the world in terms of nominal GDP (measured at current prices in US dollars). The $17.95 trillion US economy is approximately 24.5% of the gross world product. The United States is an economic superpower that is highly advanced in terms of technology and infrastructure and has abundant natural resources. However, the U.S. economy loses its spot as the number one economy by a slight margin to China when measured in terms of GDP based on PPP. In these terms, China’s GDP is $19.4 trillion and the U.S. GDP is $17.95 trillion. However, the U.S. is way ahead of China in terms of GDP per capita (PPP) – approximately $55,805 in the U.S. versus $14,107 in China.
- China
China has transformed itself from a centrally planned closed economy in the 1970’s to a manufacturing and exporting hub over the years. The Chinese economy is propelled by an equal contribution from manufacturing and services (45% each, approximately) with a 10% contribution by the agricultural sector. The Chinese economy overtook the U.S. economy in terms of GDP based on PPP. However, the difference between the economies in terms of nominal GDP remains large. China is currently a $10.98 trillion economy and has been growing at around 7% in the recent years, although that growth is starting to slow down.
- Japan
Japan’s economy ranks third in terms of nominal GDP, while it slips to fourth spot when comparing the GDP by purchasing-power-parity. The economy has been facing hard times since 2008, when it was first showed recessionary symptoms. Though the government’s stimulus packages have helped the economy recover a bit, the massive earthquake in 2011 gave the fragile economy another jolt. Economic growth has hovered between 0.5–2% in recent times, but is forecasted to stay below 1% during the next six years. The nominal GDP of Japan is $4.12 trillion, its GDP (PPP) is $4.83 trillion, and its GDP (PPP) per capita is $38,054.
- Germany
Germany is Europe’s largest and strongest economy. On the world scale, it ranks as the fourth largest economy in terms of nominal GDP. Germany’s economy is known for its exports of machinery, vehicles, household equipment, and chemicals. Germany has a skilled labor force, but the economy faces demographic challenges like most European nations. The size of its nominal GDP is $3.36 trillion, while its GDP in terms of purchasing-power-parity is $3.84 trillion. Germany’s GDP (PPP) per capita is $46,893, and the economy has moved at a moderate pace of 1-2% in recent years and is forecasted to stay that way.
- United Kingdom
The United Kingdom, with a $2.85 trillion GDP, is the world’s fifth largest. The economy of the UK is primarily driven by services, as the sector contributes more than 75% of the GDP. With agriculture contributing a minimal 1%, manufacturing is the second most important contributor to GDP. Although agriculture is not a major contributor to GDP, 60% of its food needs is produced domestically, even though less than 2% of its labor force is employed in the sector. After the referendum in June 2016 when voters decided to leave the European Union, economic prospects for the UK are highly uncertain, and the UK and France may swap places. The country will operate under EU regulations and trade agreements for two years after the formal announcement of an exit to the European Council, in which time officials will work on a new trade agreement. Economists have estimated that a Brexit could result in a loss of anywhere from 2.2-9.5% of GDP, depending on the trade agreements replacing the current single market structure.
- France
France, the most visited country in the world, is the sixth largest economy with a nominal GDP of $2.42 trillion. Its GDP in terms of PPP is around $2.65 trillion. France has a low poverty rate and high standard of living, which is reflected in its GDP (PPP) per capita of $41,180. The country is among the top exporters and importers in the world. France has experienced a slowdown over the past few years and the government is under immense pressure to rekindle the economy, as well as combat high unemployment which reached 10.35% in 2015. According to IMF forecasts the country’s GDP growth rate is expected to rise over the next six years, and unemployment is expected to go down.
- India
India ranks third in GDP in terms of purchasing-power-parity ($7.97 trillion), while its nominal GDP ($2.09 trillion) puts it in a seventh place. The country’s high population drags its GDP (PPP) per capita down to $6,162. India’s GDP is still dependent on agriculture (17%), compared to western countries. However, the services sector has picked up in recent years and now accounts for 57% of the GDP, while industry contributes 26%. The economy’s strength lies in a limited dependence on exports, high saving rates, favourable demographics, and a rising middle class. India recently overtook China as the fastest growing large economy.
- Italy
Italy’s $1.16 trillion economy is the world’s eighth largest in terms of nominal GDP. Italy is among the prominent economies of the eurozone, but it has been impacted by the debt crisis in the region. The economy suffers from a huge public debt estimated to be about 135.8% of GDP, and its banking system is close to a collapse and in need of a bail-out/bail-in. The economy is also facing high unemployment, but saw a positive economic growth in 2015 for the first time since 2011. The government is working on various measures to boost the economy that has contracted in recent years. The GDP measured in purchasing-power-parity for the economy is estimated at $2.17 trillion, while its per capita GDP (PPP) is $35,708.
- Brazil
Brazil with its $1.77 trillion economy, it is the ninth largest economy by nominal GDP. The Brazilian economy has developed services, manufacturing, and agricultural sectors with each sector contributing around 68%, 26%, and 6% respectively. Brazil is one of the BRIC countries, and was projected to continue to be one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, the recession in 2015 caused Brazil to go from seventh to ninth place in the world economies ranking, with a negative growth rate of 3.8%. The IMF does not expect positive growth until 2018, and the unemployment rate is expected to grow over 3% – to 10.4% – over the same time period. The Brazilian GDP measured in purchasing-power-parity is $3.19 trillion, while its GDP per capita (PPP) is $15,614.
- Canada
Canada pushed Russia off the list with a nominal GDP of $1.55 trillion. Canada has a highly service oriented economy, and has had solid growth in manufacturing as well as in the oil and petroleum sector since the Second World War. However, the country is very exposed to commodity prices, and the drop in oil prices kept the economy from growing more than 1.2% in 2015 (down from 2.5% the previous year). The GDP measured in purchasing-power parity is $1.6 trillion, and the GDP per capita (PPP) is $45,553.
The Bottom Line
Some other economies that are a part of the “trillion-dollar” club and have the potential to make it to the top 10 going ahead are South Korea ($1.38 trillion), Russia ($1.32 trillion), Australia ($1.22 trillion), Spain ($1.2 trillion), and Mexico ($1.14 trillion).
Source: Investopedia
Economy
Nigeria Exports 950,000 Barrels of Cawthorne Blend Crude
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited has marked a major milestone with the introduction and successful lifting of 950,000 barrels of Cawthorne Blend crude into the global market, a move aimed at boosting Nigeria’s production output and supporting its quota targets.
The feat was achieved through the FSO Cawthorne vessel, Nigeria’s first new crude oil terminal in 50 years, according to a statement by the Sahara Group on Monday, as the company said it welcomed the development.
It was recently reported that the country would introduce a new light sweet crude called Cawthorne in March. The launch of the new grade is part of Nigeria’s broader push to lift production, which has been constrained for years by crude oil theft, pipeline vandalism, and security challenges in the Niger Delta.
Cawthorne crude, which has an API gravity of 36.4, is similar in quality to Nigeria’s flagship Bonny Light, a grade widely valued by refiners for its high yields of gasoline and diesel.
The introduction of the grade could increase Nigeria’s crude and condensate supply from about 1.65 million barrels per day to roughly 1.7 million barrels per day for the rest of the year, depending on operational stability and market demand.
“Over the weekend, the first shipment of 950,000 barrels from FSO Cawthorne, Nigeria’s newest oil terminal, was initiated following its licensing and gazetting by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC)”, the statement read in part.
FSO Cawthorne serves as a critical offshore production support asset, providing storage and offtake capabilities for crude produced from OML 18 and nearby producing assets.
On its part, Sahara Group, a global energy and infrastructure conglomerate, reiterated the strategic role of FSO Cawthorne in strengthening Nigeria’s energy security through its reliable production, storage, and evacuation infrastructure.
Sahara Group also recognised the advanced technologies deployed on FSO Cawthorne, noting that the facility incorporates cutting‑edge systems supported by artificial intelligence‑enabled monitoring and robust QHSE frameworks, enhancing operational efficiency, asset integrity, safety performance, and environmental stewardship.
Sahara commended NNPC for its leadership of Oil Mining Lease (OML) 18 and surrounding assets in the eastern Niger Delta, where Sahara Group is a joint operator and joint venture partner, noting that the company’s collaborative approach continues to drive continuous improvement and value delivery across Nigeria’s upstream sector.
Mr Tosin Etomi, Head, Commercial and Planning at Asharami Energy (a Sahara Group Upstream company), said the crude lifting from FSO Cawthorne represents a defining moment for the asset, the OML 18 partnership, and the wider oil and gas sector.
“The successful commencement of crude lifting from FSO Cawthorne is a significant milestone for the OML 18 partnership and a strong demonstration of what can be achieved through shared vision, technical discipline and committed collaboration,” Mr Etomi said.
Mr Etomi noted that the milestone aligns with Sahara Group’s broader upstream strategy, which is focused on building a resilient, scalable, and responsible production portfolio anchored on strong partnerships, asset optimisation, and long‑term value creation.
“The transition of FSO Cawthorne into active export is consistent with our upstream growth strategy, prioritising operational excellence, indigenous participation and infrastructure capable of sustainably supporting Nigeria’s production ambitions,” he said.
He noted that Sahara Group’s upstream portfolio includes a growing oilfield services division, which is redefining innovation, efficiency, and sustainability in the sector.
“Our expanding oilfield services capabilities are integral to our upstream vision, enabling smarter operations, improved efficiencies, and responsible resource development,” Etomi said.
“Sustainable social impact interventions and community participation have been key drivers of our upstream success, and we remain committed to aligning our operations with the highest global environmental, social, and governance standards.”
Mr Etomi also commended host communities and key regulatory and operational institutions, including the NUPRC, the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), the Nigeria Customs Service, and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), for their support in ensuring seamless operations.
Economy
GCR Affirms Champion Breweries Ratings, Upgrades Outlook to Stable
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
The national scale long-term rating of BBB+(NG) and the short-term issuer rating of A2(NG) assigned to Champion Breweries Plc have been affirmed by GCR Ratings.
The rating agency, in a statement, also disclosed that the brewery firm’s outlook on the ratings has been upgraded to stable from rating watch evolving.
The outlook was revised by GCR after the successful acquisition of the Bullet brand by Champion Breweries, while sustaining leverage metrics within those consistent with the current rating level despite the spike in debt.
The outlook reflects the expectation that Champion Breweries’ expanded business profile would support strong earnings growth and cash generation, which could offset the emerging strain on gearing and liquidity.
It was also noted that the affirmed ratings of Champion Breweries were underpinned by strong earnings quality and expected product and geographical diversification following the recent acquisition. These strengths are partly offset by the ramp-up of debt for working capital and partial funding of the acquisition, though gearing metrics remain modest.
Last month, Champion Breweries completed the acquisition of the Bullet brand from UK-incorporated Sun Mark International Limited through a special purpose vehicle (SPV), namely EnjoyBerv (Netherlands).
Under the shareholding agreement, Champion Breweries owns 80 per cent while Sun Mark retains a minority interest in the SPV.
The company’s product portfolio is, therefore, expanded from two limited-reach brands previously to a more diversified base with multiple offerings.
The Bullet brand’s multi-market presence across West and Central African markets, combined with its sizeable share of the regional ready-to-drink energy segment, further strengthens the assessment of the company’s competitive position.
However, the realisation of the expected synergy from the acquisition is dependent on the effective management of execution and integration risks, including supply chain management and the company’s ability to consolidate access to Bullet’s dominant markets.
Economy
Nigerian Manufacturers Seek Cover from Middle East War-Induced Risks
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) is seeking protection from the federal government amid rising concerns over the impact of escalating Middle East tensions on Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, particularly risks linked to disrupted global shipping routes, volatile energy markets, and supply chain bottlenecks.
MAN noted, “Its vigilance regarding the escalating military tensions involving the United States, Israel, and Iran. These events have significant implications for the global macroeconomic landscape, which can indirectly impact Nigeria.”
The director-general of MAN, Mr Segun Ajayi-Kadir, expressed that this situation arises at a pivotal moment when Nigeria has seen its annual inflation rate positively ease to 15.10 per cent, and manufacturing capacity utilisation has begun to exceed the 60 per cent mark, saying, however, the current geopolitical turbulence poses challenges that require careful navigation to protect the economic progress achieved.
“Although these conflicts are occurring far from our shores, their economic consequences may directly influence the Nigerian economy.
“We are particularly attentive to issues surrounding global shipping disruptions, fluctuating energy markets, and potential supply chain bottlenecks that could challenge local production,” Ajayi-Kadir stated.
Mr Ajayi-Kadir further explained that the recent hostilities in the Middle East are reshaping the global energy and logistics environment.
“With critical disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, the global markets have become unsettled, reflected in rising Brent crude prices exceeding $84.50 per barrel, and increased global freight and war-risk insurance premiums as vessels seek safer routes,” he stated.
For Nigerian manufacturers, MAN DG added that the implications of these developments are immediate and significant, increasing production costs, saying that historically, disruptions in the U.S. and the Middle East have reverberated throughout the global economy, and Nigeria is no exception.
He noted that “while a rise in global oil prices could theoretically benefit Nigeria by bolstering foreign exchange reserves and contributing to the stability of the Naira, the current reality presents a complex challenge. Nigeria’s domestic crude production hovers around 1.3 to 1.4 million barrels per day due to ongoing structural challenges, limiting the ability to fully leverage potential gains.”
He disclosed that in terms of trade relations, the United States remains one of Nigeria’s most vital partners, stating that given the existing conflict, disruptions in this crucial trade relationship could lead to increased costs for global freight forwarding and longer lead times for imported raw materials, potentially resulting in imported inflation.
According to him, the manufacturing sector is poised to face a variety of immediate and complex challenges, including rising energy costs, which are particularly relevant given that manufacturers depend heavily on gas and diesel for effective operations.
“Additionally, increasing freight costs and longer shipping times are making it more expensive to procure raw materials. Furthermore, heightened costs for essential goods could diminish consumer purchasing power, presenting manufacturers with the challenge of rising production costs amid stagnant or declining sales.”
In identifying the sectors most likely to be affected, MAN emphasised that the impact of global conflicts is not uniformly distributed, adding that “while the entire real sector is likely to feel the pressure, specific groups such as the Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Sector and the Basic Metals, Iron, and Steel Sector may encounter unique challenges.
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