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Regulating Food Production and Processing in Nigeria: Where Are We?

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Regulating Food Production

By Gbolahan Oluyemi

With enormous agricultural resources and a population of over 200 million people, the food production and processing industry is vital to the economy. The value of Nigeria’s food processing industry is about $20 billion. 

In addition to feeding our teeming population, the food production and processing industry offers both skilled and unskilled job opportunities. It also creates revenue opportunities for the three tiers of government.

Judging by the importance of food production and considering the need to protect the population from consuming unhealthy food products, the food production industry requires comprehensive regulation.

Before 1993, the Food and Drugs Administration and Control Department of the Federal Ministry of Health regulated food production and processing in Nigeria.

However, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) was created in 1993 to regulate food and drug products. Since then, NAFDAC has increasingly played a significant role in regulating food production and processing in Nigeria.

The legal framework regulating food production and processing consists of numerous substantive and subsidiary legislations. Some of these federal laws include the Food and Drugs Act; the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Act; the Counterfeit and Fake Drugs, Unwholesome Processed Foods (Miscellaneous Provision) Act; the Food, Drug and Related Products (Registration) Act; the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018; the Marketing (Breast milk substitutes) Act.

In furtherance to the powers vested in NAFDAC by Sections 5 and 30 of the NAFDAC Act, NAFDAC also issued regulations and guidelines.

To deepen consumer protection, especially from the environmental angle, the Minister for Environment issued the National Environmental Health Practice Regulations 2016. Part IV of the regulations covers food sanitation, while Part V deals with abattoir sanitation.

There also exists a National Environmental (Food, Beverages and Tobacco Sector) Regulations 2009, which seek to prevent and minimize pollution from all operations and ancillary activities of food, beverages and tobacco companies.

The 2009 regulation is enforced by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESRA) and made under Section 34 of the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act, 2007.

Additionally, some states have laws regulating food production and handling within their respective states.  For instance, Lagos State has the Law Reforms (Tort) Law of Lagos State, the Lagos State Safety Commission Law 2011 and the Lagos State Meat Inspection Law. Local governments also have health and sanitation officers saddled with the responsibility of ensuring safety.

Asides from the legislations and subsidiary instruments, the federal government documented policies defining the government’s strategy and objectives concerning food production and consumption. Some of these policies include the National Policy on Food Safety and its Implementation Strategy and the National Policy on Food and Nutrition in Nigeria.

The laws are to protect consumers and sanitize the food production industry. For example, the Food and Drugs Act prohibit the sale, importation, manufacture or storage of any food containing a poisonous or harmful substance. Despite this law, some beans retailers were arrested in Lagos in 2017 for preserving beans with insecticide.

There have also been unrecorded cases of fruit retailers using calcium carbide to quicken the ripening of fruits. These scenarios suggest that regulators are expending most of their energy on the large-scale and corporate food producers, thereby paying less attention to retailers and small scale food producers.

On the international level, our food products are being rejected by some countries. A few days ago, the Director-General of NAFDAC reportedly addressed the incessant rejection of food and agricultural commodities from Nigeria over alleged poor quality at a virtual technical roundtable meeting with other federal government agencies.

The Food and Drug Act prohibits the sale and advertisement of food products as treatment, prevention or cure for certain diseases listed in schedule 1 of the Act.

Some of these include Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Cancer, Cataract, Diabetes, Cholera, Epilepsy, Obesity, Sexual impotence, loss of virility or sterility etc.

Despite the prohibition, social media and e-commerce platforms are used to sell products marketed as prevention and cure for some of these diseases. Many of these products are also sold unbranded in local markets and herb stores across the nation.

Similarly, the Counterfeit and Fake Drugs, Unwholesome Processed Foods (Miscellaneous Provision) Act prohibit the production, importation, manufacturing, selling, distribution or possession of unwholesome processed food.

An individual or company that produces, import, manufacture, sell, distribute or possess unwholesome food violates the law and is liable to a fine or imprisonment.

Despite this provision, rotten tomatoes are sold across Nigerian markets. They are preferred by buyers because they are cheaper than healthy tomatoes. Some canteens may be using these rotten tomatoes in preparing food for their customers.

Despite that Regulation 58 of the National Environmental Health Practice Regulations 2016 mandates that all bread products must be wrapped and labelled before leaving the bakery. Unlabelled and unwrapped bread are still sold across the counter in Nigeria.

Despite that Regulation 44 of the National Environmental Health Practice Regulations 2016 mandates that every food premise is painted white and rendered washable, many food premises do not comply with this regulation.

Definitely, we are not where we ought to be in terms of effective regulation of food production and safety.  As a nation, we are still far from the green line.  Although, we are also not where we use to be.

Asides from NAFDAC, there are other regulatory agencies such as the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC), NESRA, Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON), Lagos State Consumer Protection Agency (LASCOPA) and by extension the Lagos State Safety Commission etc.

It may be more effective for these agencies to work together rather than work independently. These agencies should also consider an easy whistleblowing procedure to enhance safety and information gathering.

Section 18 of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection (FCCP) Act provides the FCCPC with powers to prevent the circulation of goods (including food) in Nigeria if such food is a public hazard.

Nigerians have also aided the unhealthy practices of some food producers by not reporting unhealthy food production. The law already empowers FCCPC to seal premises that contain or house substandard or hazardous food products.

FCCPC is also empowered to compel manufacturers, importers, wholesalers and retailers to certify standards and give public notice on any health hazard associated with products.

I believe these agencies need information from consumers to be able to discharge their statutory duties effectively.

While the regulatory framework appears comprehensive but weakly enforced, it is yet to offer the desired protection for the consumers compared with other jurisdictions such as the USA, UK and EU.

Despite the numerous legislations, food products below international standards are still served and marketed across the country.

Some critics of the regulatory framework have argued that the regulators are more of revenue generators than safety enforcers. Stakeholders in the industry are hopeful that in future, there will be a review of the legislation and enforcement mechanism.

Hopefully, amendments to the existing laws will introduce new provisions that sufficiently address the enforcement of regulations and other developing safety issues in food production, processing and handling.

Currently, there is a Food Safety and Quality Bill before the National Assembly; there is also a Bill to amend the NAFDAC Act.

Regarding enforcement, there is a Bill to establish Nigeria Safety and Hygiene Surveillance Corps. Hopefully, these pending Bills will birth proactive legislation that strengthens the regulation of the food production industry and ultimately protect consumers.

For questions, mail me via om****************@***il.com.

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Building 234 Solutions: A Response to Everyday Workforce Challenges

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Owoloye Emmanuel 234 Solutions

By Owoloye Emmanuel

Every business starts with a problem. For us, that problem was hiding in plain sight.

Across organisations, we kept seeing HR professionals, payroll teams, and business leaders spend significant time navigating processes that should be simpler. Employee records sat across multiple systems, payroll processes required manual intervention, and routine workforce tasks often became more complicated than they needed to be.

As businesses grow, workforce operations naturally become more complex. Yet many organisations still rely on disconnected tools and workflows that create unnecessary friction for both employers and employees.

The consequence is more than operational inefficiency. HR teams spend valuable time managing systems instead of supporting people. Business leaders struggle to access timely workforce insights, while employees experience delays in processes that should be seamless.

These weren’t isolated challenges. They were recurring realities across workplaces, regardless of industry or size.

That observation led us to a simple question: what if workforce management could be easier?

What if HR, payroll, and workforce operations could work together within a single, connected experience?

That question became the foundation for 234 Solutions.

We are building 234 Solutions with a clear belief that workplace technology should reduce complexity, not add to it. Our goal is to help organisations spend less time navigating processes and more time focusing on productivity, growth, and people.

As we prepare for launch, our focus remains simple: building practical solutions for real workplace challenges and helping organisations create better experiences for the people who power them every day.

Owoloye Emmanuel is the founder of 234 Solutions

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The Role of TV in Preserving African Stories and Identity

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Preserving African Stories

Scroll through social media today, and you will notice something interesting: everyone is either reacting to a series, quoting a movie line, or debating a character as though they personally know them. Beneath the memes and binge-watch culture, however, lies something deeper. Television remains one of the most powerful tools shaping how Africans see themselves, remember their history, and tell their own stories. In a continent as diverse and expressive as Africa, that matters more than ever.

TV as a Cultural Archive, Not Just Entertainment

Long before streaming algorithms began shaping our viewing habits, television was already preserving African identity. From Nollywood dramas that capture the rhythm of everyday Lagos life to documentaries exploring Maasai traditions and Ghanaian folklore, TV has served as a living archive of the continent’s stories.

It preserves more than entertainment; it preserves language, culture, humour, values, and shared experiences. Unlike fleeting social media content, television allows stories to unfold with depth, exploring the realities of family, tradition, ambition, and modern African life without reducing them to stereotypes. That is the power of TV: preserving not just stories, but perspective.

Why Representation on TV Still Matters

There is a subtle but important truth: if people do not see themselves on screen, they may begin to believe their stories are not worth telling. This is why African TV content is more than entertainment; it is affirmation.

Seeing a character who speaks like you, struggles like you, or celebrates like your community does something powerful. It validates identity and challenges outdated narratives that have historically defined Africa through external lenses.

This is where MultiChoice Group, through platforms such as DStv and GOtv, plays an important role. They do not simply broadcast content; they help distribute cultural memory at scale.

GOtv, DStv, and the Everyday African Viewer

Think about a typical evening in many African homes: the TV is on in the background, someone is laughing at a comedy show, another person is watching a local series, and someone else is catching up on the news. That shared viewing experience remains very real.

Through platforms such as DStv and GOtv, African households are exposed to a blend of local storytelling and global content. More importantly, they have helped amplify African-produced content by bringing Nollywood films, African reality shows, talk shows, and documentaries into mainstream rotation.

It is not just about access. It is about visibility.

A young filmmaker in Lagos today is more likely to believe their story matters because they have seen similar stories broadcast widely. A child in Accra grows up hearing familiar accents and seeing environments that look like their own on screen, not as exceptions, but as the norm.

TV Is Also Shaping Modern African Identity

African identity is not static; it is evolving. Television reflects that evolution in real time.

Today, audiences see:

  • Young Africans balancing tradition and modern dating culture

  • Stories tackling mental health in African households

  • Fashion and music influences spreading through TV series

  • Political satire shaping public conversation

Conversations that were once confined to homes are now being explored on screen, giving audiences the language to discuss issues that were previously unspoken.

In many ways, television is doing what oral tradition has always done: passing stories, values, humour, warnings, and history from one generation to the next. The difference is that today’s griots are writers, directors, and broadcasters.

The Future: From Watching to Owning Our Narratives

The next stage of African storytelling is not just about being seen; it is about ownership.

As more African creators produce content and platforms continue to invest in regional storytelling, television becomes more than a mirror. It becomes a tool for shaping how Africa is represented to itself and to the world.

While streaming continues to grow, television, particularly accessible platforms such as GOtv, remains one of the most effective ways to reach everyday audiences across different income levels and regions. After all, storytelling only matters if people can access it.

African stories are not new. They have always existed in families, on streets, in markets, in history books, and through oral traditions. What television has done, and continues to do, is give those stories a stage wide enough for millions to experience them at once.

The next time you watch a local series or documentary on DStv or GOtv, remember that you are not just being entertained. You are participating in the preservation of African identity itself.

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The Future of AI in Nigerian SMEs: Overcoming Barriers to Implementation

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Kehinde Ogundare 2025

By Kehinde Ogundare

Ask a tech entrepreneur in San Francisco what AI means for their business, and they are likely to talk about competitive advantage, product differentiation, and scale. Ask a small business owner in Kano or Onitsha the same question, and the conversation shifts entirely.

For many Nigerian SMEs, the priority is keeping the lights on, managing costs, and finding sustainable ways to grow in a challenging economic environment. This difference in perspective explains why the global AI conversation, often shaped by assumptions about stable infrastructure, deep capital, and abundant technical talent, frequently fails to address the realities facing Nigerian SMEs.

This matters because Nigerian SMEs are not a peripheral concern. In 2024 alone, MSMEs contributed 46.32% to Nigeria’s GDP, accounting for 96.9% of businesses and 87.9% of employment. These businesses are the backbone of the Nigerian economy, and if AI is going to mean anything for Nigeria’s development, it has to work for them in the daily conditions they actually operate in.

However, research drawing on empirical data from 144 Nigerian SMEs found that inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, skills shortages, and regulatory gaps are collectively preventing them from meaningfully engaging with AI. Awareness of AI is high and growing. What is missing is a clear and honest conversation about what adoption actually requires in this specific context. The barriers are real, but none of them are insurmountable. The question is whether the tools, pricing models, and support structures being offered to Nigerian SMEs are designed with those barriers in mind, or whether they have been built for another market entirely.

Subscription models making AI affordable for small businesses

When most small business owners hear “AI,” they imagine expensive software, specialist consultants, and a hefty upfront bill.

That assumption is not entirely wrong, but it describes a particular way of buying technology, not AI itself. The shift that makes AI genuinely accessible at the SME level is the move away from large, one-time capital purchases towards tools that charge a predictable monthly subscription. Businesses can pay for what they use, scale back when necessary, and avoid the debt that a major technology investment can create.

The deeper opportunity here is consolidation. Many SMEs are already spending money across multiple disconnected tools—one for invoicing, another for customer records, another for stock tracking—none of which talk to each other. An integrated platform that handles several of these functions together, with AI built in, can actually cost less than the sum of those separate subscriptions while giving business owners a clearer picture of their operations.

With margins already under pressure, any technology a business adopts needs to visibly show an increase in productivity or bottom line. Subscription-based, integrated platforms, priced transparently and honestly, are the model that best fits this reality.

Infrastructure challenges demand a mobile-first approach

No conversation about technology in Nigeria is complete without confronting the infrastructure problem, and AI is no exception. Nigeria continues to face major infrastructure barriers, including limited broadband access, unreliable power supply, and high data costs, all of which constrain deeper AI adoption. These are structural features of the operating environment that any sensible technology strategy must account for today.

The electricity situation alone is significant. The World Bank estimates that the lack of stable electricity costs Nigeria’s economy approximately $26.2 billion annually, equivalent to about 2% of GDP, forcing many businesses to run on expensive diesel generators. That cost ripples outward.

In practical terms, AI tools built for Nigeria cannot assume a stable broadband connection or a computer that is always powered on. The tools that will actually get used are the ones that work on a smartphone, consume minimal data, and can function offline when connectivity drops, syncing back up when it returns. The mobile phone is already how many Nigerian SME owners run their businesses. AI that meets them there, rather than demanding infrastructure they do not have, is AI that has a genuine future in this market.

The direction is clear: build capability from within, using tools that make that possible. Recent AI performance research reveals that 64% of African workers are already actively using AI at work, signalling massive grassroots readiness and driving forward-thinking organisations across Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa to aggressively prioritise internal upskilling frameworks to bridge the talent gap.

As the policy groundwork is being laid, the commercial ecosystem is beginning to respond. What remains is a clear-eyed acceptance that AI tools built for this market need to look different from those built for markets with different realities. Low cost, low bandwidth, and usability for non-technical people are not modest ambitions; they are the actual requirements. Build for those realities, and AI has a real future in Nigeria’s SME economy.

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