Feature/OPED
2022: What is Your Video Marketing Plan?
By Kenneth Horsfall
In case you don’t know, the world of marketing is changing rapidly and video has become the new thing. In Nigeria alone, digital video marketing is a $135 billion industry. That means brands everywhere are realizing the value of video and investing in its creation and distribution. So why! Are you not doing the same?
Getting Started with Video Marketing
To get started let start with what is video marketing? Video marketing is the production of engaging videos around a marketing strategy that delivers business results. Whether you’ve just stepped onto the scene, or you’ve been using videos for ages, you need a road map outlining what it’s all for, where you’re going, and how you’ll measure success.
Your video marketing plan is every bit as important as execution.
A solid plan can be the difference between knowing how much return on investment (ROI) your content is delivering and throwing metaphorical spaghetti at the wall to see what sticks.
Do you know that nowadays, brands can no longer get by using written content and images alone — that’s uninteresting and unengaging for consumers who are inundated with live streaming, interactive 360 videos, augmented reality, and more? And because of this growth, you’re now behind if you aren’t releasing branded video content regularly. But if you’ve never created a video for yourself, getting started can be tough. That’s where I come in! With this guide I have created for you, you’ll learn the ins and outs of video marketing, from figuring out which type of video you need to how to distribute it for maximum results. Start browsing below to learn everything you need to get started with video marketing.
How Do I Create a Video Marketing Strategy?
What Kind of Video Should I Create?
What Are the Three Stages of Video Production?
How Does Video Improve My SEO?
How Do I Distribute My Video?
How Do I Know If My Video Is Successful?
How Do I Create a Video Marketing Strategy?
Video marketing strategies are nothing new. Just like you wouldn’t create a commercial and buy airtime during the Super Bowl without researching and strategizing, you shouldn’t create a digital marketing video without first doing the proper research and creating a plan.
Your video marketing strategy will ultimately be what guides you — your budget, your timelines, your production processes, your conversion metrics, and more. So, getting this written down and finalized should be step one of your video creation processes.
Before we dive into the specifics, here’s an overview of the steps
- Define Your Video Marketing Goals
- Create a Video Marketing Strategy Mission Statement
- Research Your Target Audience for Video
- Decide What Kind of Videos You’ll Make
- Set a Video Budget
- Establish Who’s Responsible for Video Creation
- Think About Your Video Campaign Strategy
- Figure Out Where Video Content Will Live
- Measure Your Performance
1. Define Your Video Marketing Goals
In order to know whether you’ve actually achieved what you’ve set out to accomplish with your video marketing strategy, you need to set measurable goals.
Content intelligence platform Conductor recommends defining marketing goals for both revenue and your brand.
Revenue-based goals focus on things like increasing lead form inquiries while brand goals involve things like growing a higher quality email list, driving more blog traffic, or capturing Google answer boxes for targeted keywords.
Brand goals can be just as important as revenue ones because they help position you for future success and often take into account qualitative feedback.
Some common video goals include:
Brand Awareness—typically measured using brand recall and recognition, frequency/quality of mentions, or video views
Demand Generation and Conversion—typically measured by lead count, impact on conversion rate, or influence on sales opportunity and pipeline generation
Viewer Engagement—typically measured by average engagement (also known as the average length of time viewers watched the video)
How to Set S.M.A.R.T. Goals
As with any kind of marketing goal, following the S.M.A.R.T. goal-setting framework is a good place to start.
Specific
The goal should zero in on a specific aspect of your strategy. After all, saying you want to get more views is great, but what does it actually mean?
Measurable
The goal should be accompanied by a relevant key performance indicator (KPI) and metrics that can be used to measure its success.
Attainable
The goal should be something that’s within reach of your department without “sandbagging” (deliberately setting a goal that isn’t a challenge for the team to reach). Try starting with a baseline and determining the desired increase (or decrease, as the case may be) from there.
Relevant
The goal should be relevant to your overall business objectives AND a good fit for the types of objectives that video is best suited to meet
Time-Bound
The goal should have a timeframe in which it can reasonably be achieved so that you can accurately measure how effective your efforts have been. While some goals can be tackled in a quarter or two, others may require a longer timeframe, like a year. Go one step further by breaking down your overall goal into weekly targets. That way you know what you need to be doing, every step of the way.
An example of a S.M.A.R.T. video marketing goal—one that is specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound—might look like this:
We will increase time on page for key pages on our website by 15% this quarter by embedding relevant videos.
2. Create a Video Marketing Strategy Mission Statement
Joe Pulizzi, Founder of the Content Marketing Institute, recommends you start your content marketing strategy with a mission statement. It’s helpful to have one of these for your video strategy too because it gives your team an easy-to-remember purpose to rally around.
Your mission should be a simple, one-line statement that answers the following questions:
What type of video content do you plan to make?
Whether you’re leaning towards educational, entertaining, or a mix, your brand’s expertise and audience needs should determine your approach here.
Who are you making this content for?
Outline your target demographic with as much detail as you can. You can’t create great videos without determining the buyer personas you want to appeal to and their pain points.
What should your audience take away from your videos?
Think about what value your content will add and what tasks or goals it will help your audience accomplish.
In order to justify creating different types of videos (including some that may not be directly related to your product), your business needs to understand why you’re creating video stories, who you want watching your content, and what you’re trying to accomplish.
Your video marketing mission statement should look something like this:
“At (company name), we make (type) video content for (specific buyer personas), so that they (exactly what you want them to do).”
3. Research Your Target Audience for Video
To be successful with video, you first need to know who you actually want watching your content. Defining a target audience—and learning about what they like, what they need, what their pain points are—will help you create video content that connects.
Many marketers seem to share the misconception that if they create a video that doesn’t rake in millions of views, they’ve failed in a major way. Fortunately, this is far from the truth.
While a broad reach can be desirable for B2C companies, things are a bit different in the B2B space. No matter what industry you’re in, recognize that your objectives will differ.
B2B brands often have a harder time developing videos for widespread reach, but don’t get discouraged. Not everyone needs your product or service; that’s why it’s important to attract and maintain the leads worth following up with.
When it comes to your target audience, the more specific the better. It’s okay if your content isn’t interesting to anyone outside of that group; you’re aiming to help viewers self-qualify.
Start by looking at the buyer, customer, and/or user personas your company already has. Research what their video preferences are: Is it a good medium for reaching them? If so, what types of videos work best? Build a profile of your video audience from there.
If you don’t already have personas, now’s the time to create some. Use whatever sources of information are available to you to learn about the people you’re trying to connect with. Include anything about your persona that’s pertinent to your content creation, such as how they learn, what kind of content they prefer to consume, and more.
For a deep dive into other information, you could include, check out HubSpot’s guide to creating buyer personas.
Next, map the buyer’s journey for your product or service so you can identify points where video content can help potential customers move along the path to purchase (and what type of video is best suited for the task at hand).
Think about what different kinds of content might address your personas’ questions at different stages of the buying process. For instance, the video that introduces a persona to your company will be different from the one they’ll need when they’re in consideration mode.
As you move forward with creating new videos, ask yourself every time which persona the content speaks to and at what point in the customer journey.
4. Decide What Kind of Videos You’ll Make
Before you dive in and start filming, you need to figure out what kinds of videos you’re going to make.
Think about what story you want to tell, how you can best do that through video, what video styles and types are best suited to sharing that story, what kinds of videos your target audience likes, and more.
It’s important to consider where the video will fit into your organization’s customer journey and marketing funnel (or flywheel). Remember that your audience will likely need different video types and messages at different points in their journey.
When you’re first getting started, choose a few styles and types of videos to test and see what works and what doesn’t. Depending on the stage of the funnel or flywheel, this may constitute what gets the most reach, what gets the most engagement, or what drives the most leads or conversions.
5. Set a Video Budget
As you make your plan, it’s important to think about what sort of video budget you’ll have to work with. There are a few questions you can ask yourself to get a sense of how much you’ll need to invest or, if your budget is already fixed, how to get the most bang for your buck.
What Types of Videos Do You Want to Create?
Your budget for video really depends on the types of projects you outline in your video strategy. Your finances will often dictate the creative avenues you can explore.
Every production, from live-action to animation, will range in terms of the time and resources required, so there isn’t a definitive answer when it comes to setting a video budget. Whether you aim for polish or gritty authenticity, your production quality and style will also be a factor in the cost and may even impact the number of videos you’re ultimately able to create.
Will You Create Videos Internally or Outsource them to an External Production Company?
B2B marketers cite allocating staff time and resources for video production as a top challenge for creating video, according to a Demand Metric study. This issue inevitably begs the question: “Should we try making videos ourselves or should we enlist the help of a video production company?”
If you plan to produce videos internally, you’ll need to think about who will be responsible for creating them. Will you hire an in-house videographer or a video production team?
A good way to determine which direction is best for your business is to outline your expected output. Across the board, we’re seeing companies of all sizes increase their volume of videos produced.
This chart demonstrates the volume of videos produced by small, medium, and large organizations to help you determine your video marketing strategy
Although large companies continue to be the most prolific creators of the video, companies of all sizes report an increase in overall production volume, according to findings from Demand Metric
Even if you’re not at this level of volume just yet, you’ll have to consider whether you’re creating campaigns (one-off assets) or a program (regularly scheduled videos as part of a cohesive content marketing strategy). This will often make the difference in deciding whether to produce videos in-house or outsource. You’ll want to consider what is reasonable for your company based on your size, the scope of what you’ll need to communicate, and your budget.
While there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to video production, there are a lot of companies succeeding with a combination of in-house and production agencies. According to our annual benchmark data, as company size increases, so does the use of external resources for video content creation. Most small and medium companies use exclusively internal resources to produce their video content, while large enterprises are more evenly split between internal, external, or both.
How Much Will It Cost?
Deciding whether you want to produce your videos in-house or outsource them will play a big role in your costs, both per video and for your entire video program.
Video Production Company Costs
When outsourcing your videos, you can expect to go in with a typical budget ranging anywhere from N1.5 million to upwards of N10 million per video asset. This range is pretty standard for a run-of-the-mill explainer video, but again, the budget will change as you opt for higher production values.
Advanced videos with an “advertising look and feel” will range anywhere from N5 million to N20 million for major productions. On average, most budgets for a polished production (the kind that comes equipped with a full production crew) usually land somewhere between N5 million to N15 million.
With these numbers in mind, if you wanted to outsource one basic explainer video per month for a year, you’d be looking at a baseline of around N28 million at the very low end of this spectrum. All video production houses vary. We recommend you call around to get quotes that mesh with your brand’s needs and budget.
In-House Videographer Costs
If you’re looking to go the in-house production route, you’ll likely be looking to invest in your own equipment, train a staff member, or even hire a videographer. Video producers earn N25 million per year on average, according to PayScale.
Whether you hire a dedicated producer or train an existing employee, they should know how to conceptualize, capture, and edit footage from concept to completion (depending on their skill set and experience). You’ll want someone who can break down complex B2B products and work with videos from pre-production to post.
They should be imaginative, good with metaphors, and have a great sense of your target audience. Aim to hire someone with a great sense of timing when it comes to editing and someone who’s talented at directing people in front of the lens.
What Sort of Video Equipment and/or Video Marketing Software Will You Need?
If you plan to go in-house—whether you hire a dedicated person or assign video creation duties to an existing member of your marketing team—you’ll need to think about the nuts and bolts of production.
Even if you keep things pretty basic, you’ll likely still need to invest in some video production equipment. However, this would be a one-time upfront investment. For many companies, deciding to do production in-house often ends up being more cost-effective in the long run.
For traditional, professional video production, you’ll want to consider the following equipment:
Video camera
Tripod
Stabilizer
Lighting equipment (things like lights, light stands, etc.)
Audio equipment (such as a wireless microphone kit)
If you’re thinking of going the smartphone route, think about:
Lighting case (such as a selfie ring light) or clip-on light
Lighting kit
Tripod
Stabilizer
Lens
Microphone
Editing app or software
Looking for specific equipment recommendations for video production? Refer to this content about tools for traditional video production and smartphone video production, or find out what kind of equipment you can get for different budget points.
You should also consider what video marketing software your team will require to edit, organize, manage, host, and analyze your video content. There are a variety of free and paid options including ones created specifically for business use. Do some researches, check out some demos, and determine what best meets your needs.
Do You Want to Hire Actors?
Depending on the story you want to tell, you may be happy with having employees star in your video or you may want to bring in professional actors to play certain parts.
Keep in mind that bringing in actors will increase costs.
If you go the employee-actor route, think about getting release forms set up to ensure you’re legally allowed to use their image. While this may sound intimidating, it’s usually a simple, one-page form.
Some companies even have new hires sign this documentation along with onboarding paperwork. If you plan to make a lot of videos and want employees to feature prominently, you may want to consider something along these lines.
6. Establish Who’s Responsible for Video Creation
Depending on the production quality you’re aiming for and your budget, you might be able to invest in an in-house videographer or a team of marketers dedicated to video. However, you might also be outsourcing content to an agency or production house.
No matter how you’re operating with production, be sure to outline:
Who’s responsible for creative concepts and storyboarding
Who writes the scripts, when needed?
Who gets a say in the content and who’s responsible for final approvals?
Who organizes the logistics of a video shoot?
Who shoots and edits video content?
Who is responsible for distributing the finished videos?
You may also want to define an “editorial board” of major stakeholders who are consulted for input on videos. You definitely want feedback at critical points in the video process, but be mindful of an excess of cooks in the kitchen.
7. Think About Your Video Campaign Strategy
There are two main ways to approach video content and most business’ video strategies will likely involve a combination of both.
First, there’s evergreen, “business as usual” (BAU) content: This could be a regularly scheduled video series, supporting content for core pages of your website, how-to content for support pages, customer testimonial videos, and other video content that has a long shelf life.
Second, there are campaign videos, which usually run for a shorter period of time. These can range from video ads for your business to promote for something your company is doing (such as a new product or a sale) to topical social videos to timely video content that’s seasonal, aligns with a holiday, or hops on a trend. Campaign videos tend to have a shorter shelf life and are often retired after they’ve served their specific purpose.
For each video campaign you tackle, you’ll need to create a video marketing campaign strategy—essentially a mini-version of your main strategy—those answer all of the pertinent questions for the individual campaign. As with your overarching strategy, you’ll need to think about cost, target audience, goals, and more.
The big difference here is timing. This element, while important in your general video strategy, is of the utmost importance for video campaigns. This is because campaigns often rely on timeliness.
How far in advance you begin planning these projects will vary by production house or videographer, but you’ll typically want to book your campaign six to nine weeks in advance of the delivery date. For particularly complex projects, allow 10 to 13 weeks.
Sample Video Production Timeline
In terms of timeline, the breakdown typically goes something like this:
One week to share the brief and research options
One to two weeks for concept development
One to two weeks to lock down the script and pre-production details
One week blocked off for production (most shoots will take one to two days)
Two to three weeks for post-production
Keep in mind that timelines will vary depending on the type of video you’re creating for your campaign. For instance, a basic talking head will take far less time than the average motion graphic video.
Plus, don’t forget to schedule the time you’ll need to plan for distribution and any other elements that may accompany the video in the campaign.
8. Figure Out Where Video Content Will Live
After you’ve accumulated a ton of content, you need to decide where your videos will live on the web and on your site. When releasing any video, it’s critical to leverage multiple distribution channels to maximize reach and engagement.
Channels to consider include:
Multiple pages on your website (blog, a resource hub, product pages, etc.)
Inbound marketing campaigns
Outbound email marketing campaigns
Social media channels (the ones your prospects are present on)
YouTube
Your sales reps
When getting started with video, make a list of the distribution locations that make sense for you. Think about providing a dedicated place where visitors can explore all of your video assets on your own website.
Many major brands now have entire pages on their websites devoted to video. They’re focused on creating a video content hub that will keep potential customers engaged for longer and guide them through their buying journey.
Distribution isn’t the only part of this equation; you also need to determine how you’ll organize, host and manage your video content. When your team has only five videos, this may not seem that important, but it quickly becomes crucial to effective video marketing. And it’s much easier to put a system in place from day one than it is to try to shoehorn things after the fact.
When it comes to video hosting, organizations use either a free, paid, or a combination of both to manage video content. As the volume of video production goes up, so does the need for a more robust online video platform. And those that invest in paid video solutions are more satisfied with their with the value they get from the video.
This chart demonstrates satisfaction in video hosting solutions, an important consideration when developing a video marketing strategy
While free platforms are the most popular video hosting solution, it’s common for organizations to use both free and paid business platforms. According to findings from Demand Metric, those who report using a paid hosting solution for business as a stand-alone solution or in conjunction with a free platform have higher satisfaction levels.
9. Measure Your Performance
In the same way you track key performance indicators (KPIs) for written content, you need to produce, release, then review your video’s engagement data to justify your investment in video and to understand how well you’re performing. In fact, video analytics rank as the number one online video platform feature for businesses.
Metrics might still be a scary word, but the video is actually easier to track and measure than you might think. You can get detailed viewing data with the help of an online video platform.
We’ll get into video performance in more depth later on, but here’s an overview of some metrics you should track for each video campaign you release:
Number of Views and Unique Viewers: While this won’t be a measure of success on its own, it will help you understand if your distribution strategy is working
Attention Span and Drop-Off Rates: Does more than 60% of your audience make it to the end of your videos on average?
Click-Through Rates: Split test the results for email content with and without video content.
Demand Generation: Number of new leads and opportunities generated as a result of watching the video or how a video is influencing pipeline and revenue
Content Consumption: How many videos do individual leads watch in a day? A week? A month?
This step in your video marketing strategy is to determine how you’ll collect this critical information (usually done with the help of the online video platform of your choice).
Once you have a set strategy, you’ll be able to see how your video content aligns with your business objectives and start using assets more effectively.
Conclusion
Use this data to create a more detailed strategy next time around so you can set up any future marketing videos you create for success.
Time to Get Started!
The growth of video marketing is presenting a unique opportunity for brands like yours. As consumers continue to prefer video to other forms of content, they’re now expecting brands of every size and in every industry to connect with them using video. Platforms are increasingly prioritizing video content, and even new devices like phones and tablets are more video ready than ever before. That means you have to take full advantage of this amazing marketing tool to be competitive. The longer you wait, the more customers you’ll lose.
Take a look at some of our favourite brand video examples!
Luckily, it’s easier now to create a beautiful short video. You can hire experienced freelancers at the drop of a dime, or hire an agency that’ll handle everything for you with no stress. Plus, the cost of producing a video is low, so you don’t have to worry about breaking the bank to create a branded video you’ll love.
Overwhelmed? Trust us, it’s a lot to take in. But this outline should be your first step toward an effective and profitable video marketing strategy that’ll change the way your company looks at video marketing coming this new year 2022.
So, what are you waiting for?
Kenneth Horsfall is the creative director and founder of K.S. Kennysoft Studios Production Ltd fondly called Kennysoft STUDIOs, a Nigerian Video and Animation Production Studio. He is also the founder and lead instructor at Kennysoft Film Academy and can be reached via [email protected]
Feature/OPED
AI, IoT and the New IT Agenda for Nigeria’s Growth
By Fola Baderin
By 2030, more than 25 billion devices are expected to be connected worldwide, each one a potential gateway for both innovation and risk. Already, 87% of companies identify AI as a top business priority, and over 76% are actively using AI in their operations. These numbers reflect a profound shift: technology is no longer a backstage support act but a strategic force shaping economies, societies, and everyday life.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) sit at the heart of this transformation. Together, they are redefining how decisions are made, how risks are managed, and how value is created across industries. From hospitals monitoring patients in real time to banks using predictive analytics to stop fraud before it happens, AI and IoT are moving from abstract concepts to everyday business tools.
Yet this expansion comes with complexity. As organisations embrace cloud platforms, remote work, and IoT‑enabled systems, their digital footprints grow larger, and so do the threats. Cybersecurity has become a frontline issue, no longer a technical afterthought but a pillar of resilience and trust.
The role of IT has changed dramatically. Once focused on maintenance and uptime, IT teams now sit at the centre of strategy and risk management. Cloud‑first architectures and interconnected networks have introduced new vulnerabilities, forcing IT leaders to act not just as problem‑solvers but as proactive partners in innovation.
AI is proving indispensable in this new environment. It can analyse vast datasets, detect anomalies, and automate responses at machine speed, capabilities that traditional approaches simply cannot match. Combined with IoT, AI delivers real‑time visibility across connected devices, enabling predictive maintenance, intelligent monitoring, and faster decision‑making. These are not abstract benefits; they are the difference between preventing a cyberattack in seconds or suffering a costly breach.
But the story is not only about opportunity. The rapid adoption of AI and IoT raises pressing questions about ethics, privacy, and governance. Automated decision‑making must be transparent, accountable, and fair. Organisations also face a widening skills gap, as demand for professionals who can responsibly manage advanced technologies outpaces supply.
Striking the right balance between innovation and control is essential. Security‑by‑design principles, strong governance frameworks, and continuous risk assessment are no longer optional extras. They are the foundation for trust in a digital economy.
Looking ahead, IT will continue to evolve as AI and IoT become embedded in everyday operations. Success depends not only on adopting advanced technologies, but on aligning them with business goals, regulations, and culture.
For Nigeria, this transformation is both a challenge and an opportunity. With its vibrant fintech sector, growing digital economy, and youthful workforce, the country is well‑placed to harness AI and IoT for growth. Lagos alone hosts hundreds of startups experimenting with AI‑driven financial services, while smart city initiatives in Abuja and other urban centres are exploring IoT for traffic management, energy efficiency, and public safety.
At the same time, Nigeria faces unique vulnerabilities. The country has one of the fastest‑growing internet populations in Africa, but also one of the most targeted by cybercriminals. Reports suggest that Africa loses over $4 billion annually to cybercrime, with Nigeria accounting for a significant share. As more devices and systems come online, the stakes will only rise.
Government policy will play a decisive role. Nigeria’s National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (2020–2030) already highlights AI and IoT as critical enablers of growth. But translating policy into practice requires investment in infrastructure, stronger regulatory frameworks, and public‑private collaboration. Without these, the promise of AI and IoT could be undermined by weak security and poor governance.
Education and skills development are equally vital. Nigeria’s youthful population which is over 60% under the age of 25 represents a massive opportunity if properly trained. Universities and technical institutes must integrate AI, cybersecurity, and IoT into their curricula, while businesses should invest in continuous upskilling. Otherwise, the skills gap will widen, leaving organisations vulnerable and innovation stunted.
Ethics and trust must also remain central. Nigerians are increasingly aware of data privacy concerns, from mobile banking to health records. Embedding transparency and accountability into AI systems will be critical for public acceptance. Leaders must ensure that innovation does not come at the cost of fairness or human rights.
Real‑world examples already show the potential. Nigerian hospitals are beginning to explore AI‑enabled diagnostic tools, while logistics companies use IoT to track deliveries in real time. These innovations demonstrate how technology can improve lives and strengthen businesses, but they also highlight the need for robust safeguards.
Ultimately, Nigeria’s digital future will be shaped not only by technology but by leadership. IT leaders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs who embrace AI and IoT responsibly with a clear focus on security, ethics, and long‑term value creation. This will be best positioned to navigate an increasingly complex threat landscape. The question is no longer whether to adopt these technologies, but how to do so in a way that builds resilience, trust, and sustainable growth for Nigeria’s digital economy.
Fola Baderin is a cybersecurity consultant and AI advocate focused on shaping Nigeria’s digital future
Feature/OPED
NNPC’s $1.42bn, N5.57trn Debt Write-Off and Test of Nigeria’s Fiscal Governance
By Blaise Udunze
When the federal government approved the write-off of about $1.42 billion and N5.57 trillion in legacy debts owed by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC Ltd) to the Federation Account, it was rightly described as a landmark decision. After years of disputes, reconciliations, and contested figures, Nigeria’s most important revenue institution was, at least on paper, given a cleaner slate.
The approval, contained in a report prepared by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) and presented at the last year November meeting of the Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC), effectively wiped out 96 percent of NNPC’s dollar-denominated obligations and 88 percent of its naira liabilities accumulated up to December 31, 2024. It resolved long-standing balances arising from crude oil liftings, joint venture royalties, production-sharing contracts, and related arrangements.
Judging it critically, the decision carries both promise and peril, but can be viewed from the perspective of a country desperate to restore confidence in public finance management. It offers an opportunity to reset relationships, clean up accounting records, and move forward under the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA). Yet, it also exposes deep structural weaknesses in Nigeria’s oil revenue governance, weaknesses that, if left unaddressed, could turn today’s debt relief into tomorrow’s fiscal regret.
Context matters. The debt write-off comes not during a period of revenue abundance, but at a time when Nigeria’s upstream revenue performance is under severe strain. According to the same NUPRC document, the commission missed its approved monthly revenue target for November 2025 by N544.76 billion, collecting only N660.04 billion against a projected N1.204 trillion.
Royalty receipts, the backbone of upstream revenue, tell an even starker story. It is alarming that against an approved monthly royalty projection of N1.144 trillion, only N605.26 billion was collected, leaving a shortfall of N538.92 billion. Cumulatively, by the end of November 2025, the revenue gap stood at N5.65 trillion, with royalty collections alone falling short by N5.63 trillion. These figures underscore how fragile Nigeria’s fiscal position remains, even as trillions of naira in historical obligations are being written off.
To be fair, the debts forgiven were not incurred overnight. They are the product of years of disputed remittances, lacking transparent accounting practices, and overlapping institutional roles, particularly under the pre-PIA regime. As petroleum economist Prof. Wumi Iledare has repeatedly observed, the former Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation combined regulatory, commercial, and operational functions, making revenue reconciliation cumbersome and frequently contested.
That legacy continues to haunt the system, as witnessed with the ongoing dispute between NNPC Ltd and Periscope Consulting, the audit firm engaged by the Nigeria Governors’ Forum, over an alleged $42.37 billion under-remittance between 2011 and 2017, which illustrates how unresolved the past remains. Though NNPC insists all revenues were properly accounted for as claimed, Periscope maintains that significant gaps persist, forcing FAAC to mandate yet another reconciliation exercise. This recurring pattern of audits, counterclaims, and stalemates has weakened trust in the federation revenue system and eroded confidence among states that depend on oil proceeds for survival.
Crucially, the debt write-off does not mean NNPC has turned a corner financially. Statutory obligations incurred between January and October 2025 remain on the books, amounting to about $56.8 million and N1.02 trillion. Although part of the dollar component was recovered during the period under review, the accumulation of new liabilities so soon after reconciliation raises uncomfortable questions about whether old habits are being replaced with genuine fiscal discipline.
More troubling still is what NNPC’s own audited financial statements reveal about its internal financial health. Despite recording a profit after tax of N5.4 trillion on revenues of N45.1 trillion in 2024, the company’s inter-company debts ballooned to N30.3 trillion, representing a 70 per cent increase within a single year. This is not debt owed to external creditors but largely obligations between NNPC and its subsidiaries, effectively the company owing itself.
Records show that of 32 subsidiaries, only eight are debt-free, and the rest, particularly the refineries, trading arms, and gas infrastructure units, remain heavily indebted to the parent company. There was a recurring cycle where profitable units subsidise chronically underperforming ones, and accountability steadily erodes because cash that should fund maintenance, expansion, and efficiency improvements is instead trapped in internal receivables.
The refineries offer a stark illustration whereby the Port Harcourt Refining Company alone owed N4.22 trillion in 2024, more than double its 2023 figure, while Kaduna and Warri refineries followed closely, with debts of N2.39 trillion and N2.06 trillion respectively. Despite the repeated failed turnaround maintenance with many years of rehabilitation spending, none have operated sustainably at commercially viable levels. Their continued dependence on financial support from the parent company highlights the cost of postponing difficult restructuring decisions.
And, for this reason, international observers have long warned about these structural weaknesses. One of the critics, the World Bank, has repeatedly flagged NNPC as a major source of revenue leakages. It further noted that the persistent gaps between reported earnings and actual remittances to the Federation Account. Even after the removal of petrol subsidies, the bank observed that NNPC remitted only about 50 per cent of the revenue gains, using the rest to offset past arrears. Such practices, while perhaps defensible in internal cash management terms, undermine fiscal transparency and weaken Nigeria’s macroeconomic credibility.
This is why the central issue is not the debt write-off itself, but what follows it because debt forgiveness is not reform. Without firm safeguards, it risks entrenching the very behaviours that created the problem in the first place. As Prof. Omowumi Iledare has warned, the scale and pace of the inter-company debt build-up represent a governance test rather than a mere accounting anomaly. Allowing subsidiaries to operate indefinitely without settling obligations is incompatible with the idea of a commercially driven national oil company.
The fact remains that if NNPC wants to function as a true commercial holding company under the PIA, it must enforce strict settlement timelines, restructure or divest non-viable subsidiaries, while clearly separating legacy debts from new obligations. With this, it holds subsidiary leadership accountable for cash flow and profitability. Independent, real-time audits and transparent reporting must become routine features of governance, not emergency responses triggered by controversy.
There is also a broader national implication. At a time when Nigerians are being asked to accept higher taxes, reduced subsidies, and fiscal tightening, large-scale debt write-offs without visible accountability risk undermining the legitimacy of the entire revenue system. Citizens cannot be expected to bear heavier burdens while systemic inefficiencies in the country’s most strategic sector persist.
Of a truth, the cancellation of NNPC’s legacy debts could mark a turning point in Nigeria’s fiscal governance, but only if it is not treated as its conclusion but the beginning of reform.
If discipline, transparency, and commercial accountability follow, the decision may yet help reposition NNPC as a profitable, credible, and PIA-compliant institution. If not, today’s clean slate will simply defer the reckoning until the next reconciliation, the next audit dispute, and the next fiscal crisis.
Blaise, a journalist and PR professional, writes from Lagos and can be reached via: [email protected]
Feature/OPED
Taxation Without Representation
By Dr Austin Orette
The grandiosity of Nigerians when they discuss events and situations can be very funny. If the leaders use this kind of creativity in proffering solutions, we may be able to solve some of the problems that plague Nigeria perennially.
There seems to be a sublime affectation for new lingos when the system is being set to punish Nigerians. It is a kind of Orwellian speak.
Recently, there was no electricity throughout the country. The usual culprit and government spoke; people came out to tell us the power failure was due to the collapse of the National grid. Does it really matter what is collapsing? This is just an attempt by some government bureaucrats to sound intelligent.
Intelligence is becoming a borrowed commodity from the IMF or World Bank. What does it mean when you tell Nigerians that the national grid collapsed? Is that supposed to be a reassurance, or it is said to give the assurance that they know something about the anemic electricity, and we should get used to the darkness. This is a language that is vague and beckons the consumer to stop complaining. Does that statement mean anything to Nigerians who pay bills and don’t see the electricity they paid for? If they see it, it comes with an irregular voltage that destroys their newly purchased appliances. Just tell or stay quiet like in the past.
Telling us that a grid collapse is a lie. We have no national grid. Do these people know how silly their language sounds? Nigeria produces less than 10,000 megawatts of electricity for a population of 200 million people. How do you permutate this to give constant electricity to 200 million people? It is an insult to call this low output a national grid. What is so national about using a generator to supply electricity to 200 million people? It is simple mathematics. If you calculate this to the minute, it should not surprise you that every Nigerian will receive electricity for the duration of the blink of an eye. They are paying for total darkness, and someone is telling them they have an electricity grid.
If you can call the 10,000-megawatt national grid collapsed, it means you don’t have the mind set to solve the electricity problem in Nigeria.
To put it in perspective is to understand the basic fact that the electrical output of Nigeria is pre-industrial. Without acknowledging this fact, we will never find solutions as every mediocre will come and confuse Nigeria with lingos that make them sound important.
It is very shameful for those in the know to always use grandiose language to obfuscate the real issues.
South Africa with a population of sixty million produces about 200,000 megawatts of electricity daily. Nigeria produces less than 10,000 megawatts. Why South Africa makes it easy to lift the poor from poverty, Nigeria is trying to tax the poor into poverty.
The architects of the new tax plan saw the poor as rich because they could afford a generator.
A non-existent subsidy was removed, and the price of fuel went through the roof. Now the government says they are rich. What will they get in return for this tax extraction? Why do successive Nigerian governments always think the best way to develop Nigeria is to slap the poor into poverty? What are the avenues for upward mobility when youth corps members are suddenly seen as rich taxpayers? Do these people know how difficult it is to start a business in Nigeria?
After all the rigmarole from Abuja to my village, I cannot get a government certificate without a-shake down from government bureaucrats and area boys. The government that is so unfriendly to business wants to tax my non-existing businesses. Are these people in their right state of mind? Why do they think that taxing the poor is their best revenue plan? A plan like this can only come from a group of people who have no inkling of what Nigerians are going through. People can’t eat and the government is asking them to share their meager rations with potbellied people in Abuja.
Teach the people how to fish, then you can share in their harvest. If an individual does what the government is doing to Nigerians, it will be called robbery, and the individual will be in prison. When the government taxes people, there is a reciprocal exchange. What is being done in Nigeria does not represent fair exchange.
Nigerians have never gotten anything good from their government except individual wealth that is doled out in Abuja for the selected few.
The question is, will Nigerians have a good electricity supply? NO. Will they have security of persons and properties? No. Will they have improved health care? NO. Will there be good roads? No. Will they have good schools and good education? No.
Taxation is not good governance. A policy like this should never be rushed without adequate studies. Once again, our legislators have let us down. They have never shown the people the reason they were elected and to be re-elected. They are not playing their roles as the watchdog and representatives of the people. Anyone who voted for this tax bill deserves to lose their positions as Senators and Members of the House of Representatives.
We are not in a military regime anymore. Nigerians must start learning how to exercise their franchise. This taxation issue must be litigated at the ballot box. The members of the National Assembly have shown by their assent that they don’t represent the people.
In a normal democracy, taxation without representation should never be tolerated. They must be voted out of office. We have a responsibility and duty to use our voting power to fight unjust laws. Taxation without representation is unjust. Those voted into power will never respect the citizens until the citizens learn to punish errant politicians by voting them out of office. This responsibility is sacred and must be exercised with diligence.
Dr Austin Orette writes from Houston, Texas
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