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Prospect of Wagner’s Growing Influence in Africa Worries Western Powers

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Burkina Faso Russian Flag Wagner

By Kestér Kenn Klomegâh

Some Western powers, including France, have expressed serious concerns over the prospect of a private military contractor with close ties to the Kremlin, the Wagner group, cementing its influence in Africa.

At the recently-concluded US-Africa Leaders’ Summit in Washington, DC, the President of Ghana, Mr Nana Akufo-Addo, made a genuine claim about neighbouring Burkina Faso during the panel discussions on Peace, Security and Governance in Washington.

Speaking about the growing violence linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State group in the west African region, Mr Akufo-Addo alleged that Burkina Faso allocated a mine to the Wagner Group as a form of payment for its deployment of fighters in the country.

“To have (Wagner) operating on our northern border is particularly distressing for us in Ghana,” a former Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Ghanaian leader Nana Akufo-Addo informed at the summit.

“Today, Russian mercenaries are on our northern border. Burkina Faso has now entered into an arrangement to go along with Mali in employing the Wagner forces there,” he said, adding that Burkina Faso had ceded a mine, reportedly with gold reserves, near the border with Ghana in exchange for the group’s services to deal with the militant insurgency that began in 2015. In recent weeks, hundreds of people fleeing militants attacks in Burkina Faso have crossed the border into northern Ghana.

Burkina Faso has summoned the Ghanaian ambassador for ‘explanations’ after Ghana’s president alleged that Burkina Faso had hired the Russian mercenary group, Wagner, according to reports from Burkina’s Foreign Ministry. Burkina Faso has further recalled its ambassador from Ghana for a meeting, a spokesperson at the ministry told Reuters.

Nana Akufo-Addo’s comments came on the heels of a trip to Moscow by Burkina Faso’s Prime Minister, Apollinaire Joachim Kyelem de Tambela, to further strengthen Russia-Burkina relations.

The visit was planned to “consolidate the international community’s efforts in combating the terrorist threat” in the region, said a statement made available on the official website by Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Earlier this month, a new mining concession was given to Nordgold, a Russian mining company which has been operating in Burkina Faso for more than a decade. A permit for industrial exploration was granted to the Nordgold Yimiougou SA company in Sanmatenga province, said a statement from Burkina Faso’s Council of Ministers.

The four-year agreement is estimated to contribute some $8 billion (£6.5bn) to the state budget. Burkina Faso is one of the largest gold producers on the continent. Nordgold and the Wagner Group are Russian companies, although there is no known connection between them.

For several years Burkina Faso has been struggling to stem jihadi violence that has killed thousands, displaced nearly two million people and made swaths of land inaccessible. Lack of faith in the Burkina Faso government’s ability to contain the jihadi insurgency has led to two coups this 2022.

After the latest coup in September, the Wagner Group was among the first to congratulate the new junta leader, Ibrahim Traore, raising questions about his relationship with Russia and how big a role it played in catapulting him to power. People with close ties to Burkina Faso’s ruling junta said pressure had been mounting on the leader of the first coup, Lieutenant Colonel Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba, for months to work more closely with Russia, but he had refused.

Reacting to this issue, Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Anne-Claire Legendre, told a news conference that Paris and its European partners continued to be available to cooperate with Burkinabe authorities if they wished and without ambiguity in what she described as a worsening security and humanitarian situation.

“With regard to Wagner, our message is well known; Wagner has distinguished itself in Africa by a policy of plundering, which harms the sovereignty of states,” she said, Reuters reported from Paris. “The Wagner militia has distinguished itself, particularly in Mozambique, the Central African Republic, and Mali; this is obviously known to the Burkinabè authorities.”

The Western nations believe that the presence of Wagner in Africa was harmful as the group exploits mineral resources and commits human rights abuses in countries where it operates.

The pace of Islamic extremist violence is increasing in Burkina Faso and getting closer to the capital, Ouagadougou, which could make the desperate junta welcome support from the Russian mercenaries, said Laith Alkhouri, CEO of Intelonyx Intelligence Advisory. “This could have significant negative implications for Burkina Faso and the region,” he said. “Wagner mercenaries have operated with impunity, and they are unlikely to be held accountable for any human rights violations.”

Most leading global media, including Associated Press (AP), Cable News Network (CNN), Agence France-Presse (AFP), British Broadcasting (BBC), Voice of America (VOA), Reuters, Al Jazeera and many others, well-noted for their comprehensive and verified coverage of geopolitical changes and developments shaping or affecting daily lives in the world, have also informed the public about Wagner Group being hired or deployed in Burkina Faso.

In all the reports, the main message concerns the indelible fact Burkina Faso contracts shadowy Russian mercenaries to fight against jihadist insurgency. Across the Sahel region, neighbours feared the jihadist insurgency might spread further down from Burkina Faso to coastal neighbours, including Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin. Nigeria is already consistently fighting Boko Haram and other militant groups.

Associated Press reporter Sam Mednick from Dakar, Senegal, with his colleague Elise Morton from London, wrote in their joint news report that Burkina Faso residents expressed scepticism at the Ghanaian president’s comments and said the junta was trying to diversify partnerships.

“We have the capacity to defend ourselves without outside help if we have the required equipment. Burkina Faso collaborates with states, not with mercenaries,” said Mamadou Drabo, Executive Secretary for Save Burkina, a civil society group that supports the junta.

Edward Lozansky, President of the American University in Moscow and professor of World Politics at Moscow State University, wrote in an email interview that “there has not been too much information about Russia’s activities in Africa, but the Western media is saturated with the scary stories about Russia’s efforts to bolster its presence in at least 14 countries across Africa by building relations with existing rulers, striking military deals, and grooming a new generation of leaders and undercover agents.”

Further to the narratives, Russia has now embarked on fighting “neo-colonialism,” which it considers a stumbling block on its way to regaining a part of the Soviet-era multifaceted influence in Africa. Russia has sought to convince Africans over the past years of the likely dangers of neo-colonial tendencies perpetrated by the former colonial countries and the scramble for resources on the continent. But all such warnings largely seem to fall on deaf ears as African leaders choose development partners with funds to invest in the economy.

Vedomosti, a Russian daily Financial and Business newspaper, reported that Russia is interested in offering Sahel countries military equipment in exchange for exploiting the untapped minerals resources. Worth noting here that Russia, in its strategy on Africa, is reported to be looking into building military bases on the continent.

In late October, President Vladimir Putin participated in the final plenary session of the 19th meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club, the focus was on matters related to the changing geopolitics, the new world order and its future developments. He discussed, at considerable length, so many controversial questions.

According to him, Russia still has friends around the world and mentioned that in central America and Africa, the ‘Russian flags’ are flying everywhere. Putin, along the line, argued that the support for multipolar order largely exists in the Global South, appreciated Africa’s struggle for independence and now rising against growing neo-colonialism. Russia has good relations with African countries, these absolutely unique relations were forged during the years when the Soviet Union and Russia supported African countries in their fight for freedom.

Despite these widely published allegations about Burkina Faso, Russia has demonstrated wide interest in making drastic steps toward penetrating the G5 Sahel in West Africa. The G5 Sahel are Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. Russia is broadening its geography of military diplomacy covering poor African countries and especially fragile States that need Russia’s military assistance.

Russian Foreign Ministry has oftentimes explained in statements released on its website that Russia’s military-technical cooperation with African countries is primarily directed at settling regional conflicts and preventing the spread of terrorist threats, and fighting the growing terrorism in the continent.

Over the past several years, strengthening military-technical cooperation has been a key part of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Russia has signed a bilateral military-technical cooperation agreement with nearly 14 African countries.

The South African Journal of International Affairs has published a special report on Russia-Africa. It said, in part, heading into the 2023 Russia-Africa Summit in St Petersburg (unless the proposed date and venue change, again), Russia looks more like a ‘virtual great power’ than a genuine challenger to European, American and Chinese influence.

The report titled – Russia’s Private Military Diplomacy in Africa: High Risk, Low Reward, Limited Impact – says that Russia’s renewed interest in Africa is driven by its quest for global power status. Few expect Russia’s security engagement to bring peace and development to countries with which it has security partnerships.

While Moscow’s opportunistic use of private military diplomacy has allowed it to gain a strategic foothold in partner countries successfully, the lack of transparency in interactions, the limited scope of impact and the high financial and diplomatic costs exposes the limitations of the partnership in addressing the peace and development challenges of African host countries, the report says.

The report authored by Ovigwe Eguegu, a Beijing-based Nigerian Researcher on Politics and International Affairs, focused on the use of private military companies to carry out ‘military diplomacy’ in African states, and the main research questions were: What impact is Russia’s private military diplomacy in Africa having on host countries’ peace and development? Why has Russia chosen military diplomacy as the preferred means to gain a foothold on the continent?

His report was based on more than 80 media publications dealing with Russia’s military-technical cooperation in Africa. It interrogates whether fragile African states advance their security, diplomatic and economic interests through a relationship with Russia.

Overcoming the multidimensional problems facing Libya, Sudan, Somali, Mali, and the Central African Republic will require comprehensive peace and development strategies that include conflict resolution and peacebuilding, state-building, security sector reform, and profound political reforms to improve governance and the rule of law – not to mention sound economic planning critical for attracting foreign direct investment needed to spur economic growth.

The United Nations (UN), The African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the entire international community have expressed collective concerns about any use of private mercenary forces instead of well-constituted regional forces approved by regional blocs, as a means to address conflicts in Africa.

The G5 Sahel are Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. And Burkina Faso, per well-known geographical description, is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of 274,200 km2, bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Ivory Coast to the southwest.

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Dubai BRICS Forum Will Help Develop Small and Medium Businesses

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Konstantin Klimenko-Bogdanov BRICS Investment Forum

By Kestér Kenn Klomegâh

In this insightful conversation, the Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the Dubai BRICS Investment Forum, academician Konstantin Klimenko-Bogdanov, highlights the primary importance of the forthcoming corporate business forum within the context of the geopolitical situation and offers a distinctive roadmap for economic collaboration of the BRICS countries. Here are the interview excerpts:

What does the upcoming BRICS Investment Forum in Dubai mean, especially in the context of geopolitical rivalry and competitive struggle?

In theory, competitive struggle should contribute to the development of the economy. After all, competition does not allow for the establishment of a monopoly, the dominance of only an exclusive minority of market participants. But on the condition that this is fair competition. But we are witnessing uncivilized methods of dividing spheres of influence in the market, cynical exploitation of natural resources in Africa and Asia by Western transnational corporations, and monopolization of entire industries in developing countries.

For example, the telecommunications sector, and the banking sector in Africa practically do not belong to Africans. Sometimes the name of a bank can have the word “Africa”. The real owners of banking capital are in Paris, London, and New York.

The income from the national wealth of African and Asian countries is distributed amazingly cynically. For example, coffee is purchased in Africa for a price of 1 dollar per kilogram, and sold in Europe for 4 dollars!

Unfair competition is supplemented by geopolitical rivalry in the form of escalating international tensions, declaring trade wars, and sanctions, and creating artificial military conflicts. Again, the goal of conflicts and military operations is only one – to seize resources. For example, in Iraq, and Syria, the Americans brazenly pump oil, without losing money on its purchase. And the US President does not hesitate to take away the Panama Canal or seize the island of Greenland.

Therefore, the goal of holding the Dubai BRICS Investment Forum is to find ways to facilitate civilized international economic cooperation in the conditions of trade wars, military conflicts, and sanctions. It is necessary to make an honest analysis and develop a roadmap for the joint economic development of the BRICS countries and friendly states.

Can you point to the prospects for its preservation (the forum) as an extraordinary annual platform for stimulating bilateral and multilateral transactions, and investments and, possibly, establishing a flow of corporate transactions between BRICS+ members and partner countries?

The Dubai BRICS Investment Forum is definitely not a one-off event. It is the basis for creating a global BRICS business community, which will operate on an ongoing basis. It will consist of the BRICS International Club, the BRICS House International Network, the Alliance of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Tourism Alliance, the Women’s Business Association and a number of other organizations. A digital platform, BRICS INFO, will be created.

The task of these structures is to establish a flow of trade, concentrate investment resources, and create a flow of corporate transactions.

Special attention will be paid to small and medium businesses. We intend to connect about 10,000 small and medium businesses into one ecosystem. The total turnover of this ecosystem in 2025 alone will amount to about US$700 billion.

We will also have social investment projects. The BRICS Student Card project is being created for students. With this card, students will receive various forms of social support in the form of discounts on air tickets, train tickets, purchases of goods in supermarkets, and so on. The most talented students will receive incentive scholarships.

It is planned to create a network of BRICS campuses through joint investments of BRICS businessmen. The campuses will house a university, college, and lyceum. The network will operate in 10 countries.

What priority investment projects will the forum promote?

Our priority is the Small Energy project. Half of the African continent and part of Asia have no electricity at all! This is unacceptable for the 21st century! We plan to create hundreds of small power plants on solar panels, wind turbines, and diesel generators through joint investments.

We have very interesting joint investment projects planned in the real estate sector. New housing complexes under the BRICS House brand will be built in many countries. In essence, these will be “cities of the future.” The main priority in the concept of these cities is “human ecology.” For example, these cities will not have any gasoline-powered vehicles at all. Only electric vehicles. But there will also be restrictions on cellular repeaters that emit harmful electromagnetic radiation. The goal of the project is to create areas that are as favourable as possible for human life. Many investors are already ready to invest in these projects.

By the way, why are you holding this important BRICS event in Dubai, United Arab Emirates? Are there any distinctive advantages that it offers to potential business participants, including women and young entrepreneurs?

The choice of Dubai as a permanent venue for our forum is based on expert opinion. We are confident that the most comfortable infrastructure and conditions for holding large-scale summits and creating business development centres have been created here. The UAE has a balanced tax system, thoughtful economic policy, and a tolerant atmosphere. And Dubai is a city of dreams, a bright future. Therefore, our forum will be held here annually and the residences of the BRICS House, BRICS Club, and the Alliance of Small and Medium Business will operate here permanently.

Based on the above reasoning, can we perhaps see the difference between the World Economic Forum in Davos and the BRICS Investment Forum in Dubai in the current situation of ongoing global transformations and development?

The difference in key approaches. At the Davos Forum, the agenda is set by Western transnational corporations. They initiate discussions of globalization plans. Our forum is intended for small and medium-sized businesses in Eurasia and Africa. We intend to discuss not globalization, but how to develop national economies and establish active cooperation between them.

At the Davos Forum, trends are created by politicians. Many participants go to this forum to listen to heads of state and high-ranking government officials. There will also be officials and parliamentarians at the Dubai Investment Forum. But they are not the main participants here. They will listen more than they speak. It will be entrepreneurs and taxpayers who support officials with their taxes who will speak more often. Because this is a platform for business, not a tribune for politicians.

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Swedfund Offers $15m Loan for Food Processing in Africa

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food processing

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

A working capital loan of up to $15 million has been given to Robust International by Swedfund to support food processing and smallholder farmers in Africa.

The credit facility is to ensure food security and an increased local processing capacity on the continent.

It was stated that the loan would enable Robust to source local commodities to new processing facilities and thereby spur job creation, economic growth and trade.

The company will buy sesame seeds and cashew nuts directly from cooperatives, aggregators and farmers locally to support operations at its new processing facilities in Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Burkina Faso.

The $15 million funding is part of a joint initiative together with the Dutch, British and French development finance institutions and the Dutch fund manager, ILX.

Robust is a multi-national trader of agricultural commodities, specialising in sesame seeds and cashew nuts, sourcing primarily from East and West Africa.

Swedfund now joins FMO (the Dutch entrepreneurial development bank), British International Investment (BII), Proparco and ILX, the Dutch fund manager, to further support the development of enhanced local processing. The total working capital facility amounts to up to $105 million.

Africa exports many agricultural products for processing and refining. Robust now takes the step to do this locally instead, leading to job creation, development of the local supply chains, increased capacity and lower emissions.

The organisation has a strong focus on human rights and decent conditions for workers and farmers in their supply chain.

“Through the working capital facility, we offer funding where local banks are not able to,” the Head of Sustainable Enterprises and Food Systems at Swedfund, Sofia Gedeon, said.

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UNICEF Seeks Urgent $22m for Children in DR Congo

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UNICEF Humanitarian appeal

By Adedapo Adesanya

The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has launched an urgent appeal for $22 million to provide emergency assistance to children in eastern Democratic Republic (DR) of Congo amid spiralling violence.

Business Post reports that fighters from the M23 rebel group allegedly backed by Rwanda have taken control of most of Goma – a major city of more than a million people in the east of DR Congo.

The mineral-rich east of the Democratic Republic of Congo has been dogged by conflict for more than 30 years, since the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

Numerous armed groups have competed with the central authorities for power and control of the potential fortune in this vast nation.

With the latest spate of escalation, UNICEF in a statement noted that it is gravely concerned about the rapidly deteriorating humanitarian situation in eastern DR Congo.

“An additional 658,000 people became displaced in North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the past three months alone, at least 282,000 of them are children,” it said in a statement.

Amidst the increasingly volatile situation, with fighting moving into Goma, the provincial capital of North Kivu, families have abandoned displacement camps on the northern and western outskirts of the city and moved to other locations in the centre of town.

Some of these people are moving for the third, fourth or even fifth time in recent weeks, UNICEF said.

According to Mr Jean Francois Basse, UNICEF DRC’s acting Representative, “The situation in Goma is extremely grave and further complicating a humanitarian situation that was already beyond dire.

“People have been exposed to traumatic events, and they are hungry, thirsty and exhausted. Families are sheltering in place to avoid being caught up in the violence. Electricity, water and internet have all been cut. It’s hard to overstate how deeply children and their families are suffering.”

“Ultimately, we need parties to the conflict to put an end to the military escalation, which is exacerbating the suffering of children and worsening the already appalling humanitarian conditions,” Mr Basse added.

For UNICEF, children are at high risk as crowded and unsanitary conditions make the spread of diseases – such as cholera, measles and mpox – all the more likely.

“Parents are unlikely to take sick children to hospitals for fear of being caught in the crossfire and because they know there are no beds,” it added.

It also warned about the danger of kidnapping and abduction, recruitment by armed groups, and sexual violence.

“UNICEF is calling for $22 million to continue delivering life-saving support which includes the provision of clean water and proper sanitation, medications and medical supplies, treatment for children who are severely malnourished, and protection services,” the UN agency added.

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